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From Flashcardlet > Science Chapter 5 SG > Flashcards

Science Chapter 5 SG Flashcards

0
Q

When an object changes positions over time when compared with a reference point, the object is in what?

A

Motion

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1
Q

The object that appears to stay in place is a what?

A

Reference point

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2
Q

When an object is in motion, you can describe the direction of its motion with a what? (and give examples)

A

Reference direction, north, south, east, west, up or down

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3
Q

What is a common reference point for determining motion?

A

Earth’s surface

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4
Q

The distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred

A

Speed

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5
Q

The SI unit of speed is what?

A

Meters per second (m/s)

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6
Q

What is the equation for average speed?

A

Average speed = total distance/ total time

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7
Q

The speed of an object in a particular object is the object’s what?

A

Velocity

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8
Q

Velocity always includes what?

A

Reference direction

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9
Q

An object’s velocity is constant only if what don’t change?

A

Speed and direction

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10
Q

The rate at which velocity changes over time

A

Acceleration

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11
Q

To accelerate means to what?

A

Change speed

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12
Q

Acceleration in which velocity increases

A

Positive acceleration

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13
Q

Acceleration in which velocity decreases is called what?

A

Negative acceleration or deceleration

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14
Q

The faster velocity changes the what?

A

Greater acceleration is

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15
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Final velocity - starting velocity/ time it takes to change velocity

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16
Q

What is velocity expressed in?

A

Meters per second (m/s)

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17
Q

Time is expressed in what?

A

Seconds (s)

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18
Q

Acceleration is expressed in what?

A

Meters per second second (m/s/s or m/s^2)

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19
Q

A force is simply what?

A

A push of a pull

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20
Q

All forces have what?

A

Size and direction

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21
Q

What do scientists use to express force?

A

Newton (N)

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22
Q

All forces are what?

A

Exerted by one object on another object

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23
Q

Just because a force acts on an object doesn’t mean what?

A

Motion will occur

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24
Q

Often what is being exerted on an object at the same time?

A

More than one force

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25
Q

The force that results from combining all the forces exerted on an object

A

Net force

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26
Q

What tells you whether the forces on an object are balanced or unbalanced?

A

Net force

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27
Q

What is the net force applied on an object with a balanced force?

A

0 N

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28
Q

What will not cause a non moving object to start moving and won’t cause a change in the motion of a moving object?

A

Balanced forces

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29
Q

What force produces a change in motion (speed/direction)?

A

Unbalanced forces

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30
Q

What forces are necessary to cause a non moving object to start moving?

A

Unbalanced forces

31
Q

What forces are necessary to change the speed and direction of an object?

A

Unbalanced forces

32
Q

A force that opposes motion between 2 surfaces that are in contact

A

Friction

33
Q

Friction occurs because of what?

A

The surface of both objects are rough

34
Q

When two surfaces are in contact, what happens?

A

The hills and valleys of one surface stick to the hills and valleys of the other surface

35
Q

The amount of friction between 2 factors depends what factors?

A

The force pushing the surfaces together and the roughness of the surfaces

36
Q

Rougher surfaces have more what?

A

Microscopic hills and valleys

37
Q

The rougher the surface the what?

A

Greater the friction is

38
Q

The amount of friction also depends on what?

A

The force pushing the surfaces together

39
Q

What objects exert less force on surfaces and what objects exert more force?

A

Objects that weigh less and objects that weigh more

40
Q

What does not change the amount of friction?

A

How much the surfaces come in contact

41
Q

Friction of sliding objects on the floor (more friction)

A

Sliding friction

42
Q

Friction of rolling objects in the floor (less friction)

A

Rolling friction

43
Q

When a force is applied to an object but doesn’t cause the object to move

A

Static friction

44
Q

Why is it necessary to reduce or increase friction?

A

Friction can be both harmful and helpful

45
Q

Ways to reduce friction

A

Lubricants, switching from sliding to rolling friction, and to make surfaces that rub against each other smoother

46
Q

Ways to increase friction

A

Make surfaces rougher and to increase the force pushing the surfaces together

47
Q

A force of attraction between objects that is due to their matter

A

Gravity

48
Q

All matter has what?m

A

Mass

49
Q

Gravity is a result of what?

A

Mass

50
Q

All matter experiences what?

A

Gravity

51
Q

Pulls objects towards each other

A

Gravitational force

52
Q

What must you do to overcome Earth’s gravitational force any time you lift objects or parts of your body?

A

Apply forces

53
Q

The law of universal gravitation describes the relationship between what?

A

Gravitational force, mass, and distance

54
Q

All objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force

A

Law of universal gravitation

55
Q

Gravitational force increases as mass increases.

A

Part 1 of law of universal gravitation

56
Q

Gravitational force decreases as distance increases.

A

Part 2 of law of universal gravitation

57
Q

A measure of gravitational force on an object

A

Weight

58
Q

What is weight expressed in?

A

Newtons (N)

59
Q

Weight is related to what but not the same as it?

A

Mass

60
Q

When does weight change?

A

When gravitational force changes

61
Q

The amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

62
Q

Who proved that the mass of an object does not affect the time the objects to fall to the ground?

A

Galileo Galilei

63
Q

What causes objects to fall to the ground at the same rate?

A

Acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects

64
Q

All objects accelerate toward the Earth at the rate of what?

A

9.8 meters per second second

65
Q

The amount of air resistance of an o eject increases as what?

A

The speed of the object, size, and shape increases

66
Q

The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity.

A

Terminal velocity

67
Q

An object is in free fall…..

A

Gravity is pulling it down and no other forces are acting on it

68
Q

Because air resistance is a force (fluid friction), free fall can only occur where there is what?

A

No air

69
Q

Weight is a measure of what?

A

Gravitational force

70
Q

The size of the force depends on what?

A

Masses of objects and the distance between them

71
Q

When spaceship orbits Earth, what happens?

A

It is moving forward and is also in free fall towards Earth

72
Q

The curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth.

A

Projectile motion

73
Q

What are the 2 components of projectile motion?

A

Horizontal and vertical motion

74
Q

What is the relationship between the 2 components of projectile motion?

A

The are independent of each other, they have no effect on each other

75
Q

When the 2 components of projectile motion are combined what happens?

A

They form a curved path

From Flashcardlet (117 decks)

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