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Science Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does all the energy on Earth come from?

A

The Sun

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2
Q

What are the layers of the sun?

A

Core radiative zone convective zone photosphere chromosphere corona

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3
Q

How does the sun make its energy

A

Through nuclear fusion in its core

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4
Q

What is the aurora borealis?

A

A natural light display caused by the interaction of solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere near the poles

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5
Q

How does it happen?

A

Charged particles from the sun collide with gases in Earth’s atmosphere releasing energy as light

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6
Q

Why does the Earth experience seasons?

A

Because of the tilt of Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun

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7
Q

What parts of the Earth experience them?

A

Mainly the temperate zones

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8
Q

What are the 8 planets?

A

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

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9
Q

Which ones are rocky and which ones are gaseous?

A

Mercury Venus Earth and Mars are rocky Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune are gaseous

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10
Q

What are the phases of the moon?

A

New moon waxing crescent first quarter waxing gibbous full moon waning gibbous last quarter waning crescent

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11
Q

What is a lunar eclipse?

A

When the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon

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12
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

A

When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and blocks sunlight from reaching Earth

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13
Q

What is a total solar eclipse?

A

When the Moon completely covers the Sun as viewed from Earth

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14
Q

What is the difference between a meter meteorite and meteoroid?

A

A meteoroid is a space rock a meteor is the streak of light when it enters Earth’s atmosphere a meteorite is a meteoroid that hits Earth’s surface

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15
Q

What is the difference between a comet and an asteroid?

A

A comet is made of ice and dust and forms a tail when near the Sun an asteroid is a rocky object mostly found in the asteroid belt

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16
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together

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17
Q

Where does all the energy on Earth come from?

A

The Sun

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18
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A linear sequence showing who eats whom in an ecosystem

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19
Q

What is a food web?

A

A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem

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20
Q

How does energy travel through a food chain or web?

A

Energy flows from producers to consumers through feeding relationships

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21
Q

How can energy be lost in a food chain or web?

A

Energy is lost as heat through metabolism and movement

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22
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

A step in a food chain representing the position of an organism

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23
Q

How much energy is passed between each trophic level?

A

About 10 percent

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24
Q

What is a primary producer?

A

An organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis

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25
What is a primary consumer?
An organism that eats primary producers
26
What is a secondary consumer?
An organism that eats primary consumers
27
What is a tertiary consumer?
An organism that eats secondary consumers
28
What is a biomass pyramid?
A diagram that shows the relative amount of biomass at each trophic level
29
What is the water cycle?
The continuous movement of water through evaporation condensation precipitation and collection
30
Why do organisms on Earth need the water cycle?
It provides fresh water necessary for life processes
31
What is the carbon cycle?
The movement of carbon through the atmosphere organisms oceans and soil
32
Why do organisms on Earth need the carbon cycle?
It provides carbon for building biological molecules
33
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which cells break down glucose for energy
34
Where on Earth does cellular respiration occur?
In the cells of all living organisms
35
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants use sunlight carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen
36
Where on Earth does photosynthesis occur?
In the chloroplasts of plants algae and some bacteria
37
What are limiting factors in an ecosystem?
Factors that restrict the size of a population such as food water or space
38
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum number of individuals an environment can support
39
What is sustainability?
Using resources in a way that does not deplete them for future generations
40
What is climate change?
Long term changes in temperature precipitation and other atmospheric conditions
41
What are greenhouse gases?
Gases like carbon dioxide methane and water vapor that trap heat in the atmosphere
42
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
43
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a charge
44
How do ions form?
By gaining or losing electrons
45
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
46
How do you tell how many subatomic particles are in an atom?
Use the atomic number for protons and electrons and subtract it from the mass number for neutrons
47
What information can you get from the periodic table?
Element name symbol atomic number mass group and period
48
What is the difference between metals and nonmetals?
Metals are shiny malleable and conduct electricity nonmetals are dull brittle and insulators
49
How do you draw a Bohr Rutherford diagram?
Place electrons in energy levels around the nucleus based on the atomic number
50
What are physical properties?
Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance
51
What are chemical properties?
Characteristics that describe how a substance reacts with others
52
What are the classifications of matter?
Element compound mixture
53
What is the difference between element and compound?
An element is made of one kind of atom a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined
54
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous?
Homogeneous mixtures are uniform heterogeneous mixtures are not
55
What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures?
Pure substances have only one type of particle mixtures have more than one
56
What are the 5 points of the particle theory?
All matter is made of particles particles have space between them particles are always moving particles move faster when heated particles attract each other
57
What is a physical change?
A change in appearance but not in chemical composition
58
What is a chemical change?
A change that forms a new substance
59
What are the signs of a chemical change?
Color change gas formation temperature change light produced or a precipitate forms
60
What is density?
Mass divided by volume
61
How do you solve for density?
Divide mass by volume
62
How do you solve for mass?
Multiply density by volume
63
How do you solve for volume?
Divide mass by density
64
What is solubility?
The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
65
How does temperature affect solubility?
Solubility usually increases with temperature
66
What is reactivity?
How easily a substance reacts with others
67
How can you predict reactivity from the periodic table?
By looking at the group number and position of the element
68
How do valence electrons influence reactivity?
The number of valence electrons determines how easily an atom will react
69
What are the different types of energy?
Kinetic potential thermal chemical electrical nuclear sound and light energy
70
Where do they come from?
They come from different sources like motion the sun chemical reactions or fuels
71
What is static electricity?
A buildup of electric charge on a surface
72
What is the law of electrostatics?
Like charges repel and opposite charges attract
73
How does charging by friction work?
By rubbing two objects which transfers electrons from one to the other
74
What is current electricity?
The flow of electric charge through a conductor
75
What is the difference between a conductor and insulator?
Conductors allow electricity to flow insulators do not
76
How do you draw a circuit diagram?
Use symbols to represent components connected by lines for wires
77
What circuit symbols do you use?
Battery cell switch resistor light bulb wire and others
78
What is the difference between a series and parallel circuit?
In a series circuit components are in one path in a parallel circuit they are in separate paths
79
How does voltage and current change in a series or parallel circuit?
In series voltage is shared and current is the same in parallel voltage is the same and current splits

Science (7 decks)

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