science quarter 2 final

Question 0

a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism

Answer 0

mold

Question 1

a difference between individuals of the same species

Answer 1

variation

Question 2

scientists who study fossils

Answer 2

paleontologist

Question 3

the scientific study of how living things are classified

Answer 3

taxonomy

Question 4

the comparison of the structures of different organisms

Answer 4

comparative anatomy

Question 5

the specific environment that provides the things the organism need to liv,e grow, and reproduce.

Answer 5

habitat

Question 6

a hypothesis that proposes that evolution occurs slowly but steadily

Answer 6

gradualism

Question 7

fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism

Answer 7

petrified fossil

Question 8

a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Answer 8

adaptation

Question 9

the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

Answer 9

fossil

Question 10

organisms cells that contain nuclei

Answer 10

eukaryote

Question 11

the gradual change in a species over time

Answer 11

evolution

Question 12

a two part naming system

Answer 12

binomial nomenclature

Question 13

a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

Answer 13

species

Question 14

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

Answer 14

prokaryote

Question 15

a hypothesis that proposes that species evolve quickly during relatively short periods

Answer 15

punctuated equilibria

Question 16

when no members of that species are still alive

Answer 16

extinct

Question 17

a solid copy of the shape of an organism

Answer 17

cast

Question 18

a chart that shows probable evolutionary relationships among organisms

Answer 18

branching tree diagram

Question 19

usually a homologous structure, such as a backbone, that is shared by all organisms in a group

Answer 19

shared derived characteristic

Question 20

similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor

Answer 20

homologous structures

Question 21

provide evidence or the activities of ancient organism

Answer 21

trace fossil

Question 22

when individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species

Answer 22

natural selection

Question 23

the process of grouping things based on their similarities

Answer 23

classification

Question 24

a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

Answer 24

scientific theory

Question 25

a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms

Answer 25

genus

Question 26

Genes on the x or the Y chromosome

Answer 26

Sex-linked genes

Question 27

A person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele

Answer 27

Carrier

Question 28

One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell that decide the gender

Answer 28

Sex chromosomes

Question 29

A chart or family tree

Answer 29

Pedigree

Question 30

all the DNA in one cell of an organism

Answer 30

Genome

Question 31

a process which will involve inserting copies of a gene directly into a person's cells.

Answer 31

Gene therapy

Question 32

when genes from one organism are transferred in to the DNA of another organism

Answer 32

Genetic engineering

Question 33

involves cross in individuals with similar characteristics

Answer 33

Inbreeding

Question 34

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

Answer 34

Genetic disorder

Question 35

a process in which organisms are selected to be parents of the next generation

Answer 35

Selective breeding

Question 36

an organism that has exactly the same traits as the organism from which it was produced

Answer 36

Clone

Question 37

a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell

Answer 37

Karyotype

Question 38

when breeders cross two genetically different individuals

Answer 38

Hybridization

Question 39

Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait

Answer 39

Multiple alleles

Question 40

an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Answer 40

Homozygous

Question 41

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Answer 41

Heterozygous

Question 42

an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

Answer 42

Hybrid

Question 43

an offspring of many generations that have the same trait

Answer 43

Purebred

Question 44

a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Answer 44

Diploid

Question 45

an organisms genetic makeup or allele combinations

Answer 45

Genotype

Question 46

an organisms physical appearance or visible traits

Answer 46

Phenotype

Question 47

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result form a genetic cross

Answer 47

Punnett square

Question 48

the different forms of genes

Answer 48

Allele

Question 49

the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells, sperm and eggs

Answer 49

Meiosis

Question 50

the process in which the egg and sperm join to form a new organism

Answer 50

Fertilization

Question 51

the study of heredity

Answer 51

Genetics

Question 52

the factors that control a trait

Answer 52

Gene

Question 53

when the alleles are neither dominant or recessive and both alleles are expressed in the offspring

Answer 53

Codominance

Question 54

another type of RNA that carries amino acids the the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein

Answer 54

Transfer RNA

Question 55

is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

Answer 55

Recessive allele

Question 56

a process in which material from two parents combines to produce a new organism which differs from both parents

Answer 56

Sexual reproduction

Question 57

The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

Answer 57

Heredity

Question 58

each different form of a characteristic

Answer 58

Trait

Question 59

one who's trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Answer 59

Dominant allele

Question 60

any change in a gene or chromosome

Answer 60

Mutation

Question 61

a material that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

Answer 61

Messenger RNA

Question 62

a number that describes how likely it is that a certain event will occur

Answer 62

Probability

Question 63

An organism that can make its own food

Answer 63

Autotroph

Question 64

An organism that can't make its own food

Answer 64

Heterotroph

Question 65

Small openings on the undersides of leaves

Answer 65

Stomata

Question 66

The process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions

Answer 66

Differentiation

Question 67

The stage when the cells nucleus divides

Answer 67

Mitosis

Question 68

When the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA and the nucleus

Answer 68

Replication

Question 69

The final stage of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides and the organelles are distributed in their new cell

Answer 69

Cytokinesis

Question 70

The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts

Answer 70

Chlorophyll

Question 71

An undifferentiated cell

Answer 71

Stem cell

Question 72

The process before cell division where the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepared to divide in to 2 cells

Answer 72

Interphase

Question 73

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo

Answer 73

Cell cycle

Question 74

Colored chemical compounds that absorb light

Answer 74

Pigment

Question 75

Provides energy for cells without using oxygen

Answer 75

Fermentation

Question 76

The threadlike chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form double rod structures called chromosomes

Answer 76

Chromosomes

Question 77

The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

Answer 77

Respiration

Question 78

The process by which a cell captures energy from sunlight and uses it to make food

Answer 78

Photosynthesis