Chapter 9 study guide

Question 1

a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then multiplies inside a living cell.

Answer 1

virus

Question 2

a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism

Answer 2

host

Question 3

organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm

Answer 3

parasite

Question 4

a virus that infects bacteria

Answer 4

bacteriophage

Question 5

a substance introduced to the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease causing viruses and organisms

Answer 5

vaccine

Question 6

prokaryotes whose genetic material is not contained in a nucleus

Answer 6

bacteria

Question 7

a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move

Answer 7

flagellum

Question 8

a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

Answer 8

binary fission

Question 9

a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that is identical to the parent

Answer 9

asexual reproduction

Question 10

when two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Answer 10

sexual reproduction

Question 11

when one bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a threadlike bridge

Answer 11

conjugation

Question 12

a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell

Answer 12

endospore

Question 13

when food is heated to a high temperature that will kill most bacteria and not change the taste of the food

Answer 13

pasteurization

Question 14

organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms in to small chemicals

Answer 14

decomposer

Question 15

eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi

Answer 15

protist

Question 16

can be classified into four groups, based on the way they move and live

Answer 16

protozoan

Question 17

temporary bulges of the cell

Answer 17

pseudopod

Question 18

a structure that collects the extra water and then expels it from the cell.

Answer 18

contractile vacuole

Question 19

hairlike projections from cells that move with a wavelike motion

Answer 19

cilia

Question 20

a close relationship in which at least one of the species benefits

Answer 20

symbiosis

Question 21

when both partners benefit from living together

Answer 21

mutualism

Question 22

another name for plant-like protists

Answer 22

algae

Question 23

A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

Answer 23

spore

Question 24

Eukaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and use spores to reproduce

Answer 24

fungi

Question 25

The branching threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi

Answer 25

hyphae

Question 26

Reproductive structures

Answer 26

fruiting body

Question 27

A form of asexual reproduction

Answer 27

budding

Question 28

Consists of a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship

Answer 28

lichen