Chapter 14 study guide

Question 1

carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Answer 2

heart

Question 3

the upper chambers of the heart that receives blood

Answer 3

atrium

Question 4

sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract

Answer 4

pacemaker

Question 5

the lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart

Answer 5

ventricle

Question 6

a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward

Answer 6

valve

Question 7

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 7

artery

Question 8

tiny narrow vessels where materials are exchanged between the blood and the body cells

Answer 8

capillary

Question 9

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Answer 9

vein

Question 10

the largest artery in the body

Answer 10

aorta

Question 11

carry blood into the heart

Answer 11

coronary artery

Question 12

caused by the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall

Answer 12

pulse

Question 13

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 13

diffusion

Question 14

force per unit area

Answer 14

pressure

Question 15

a force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels

Answer 15

blood pressure

Question 16

the liquid part of the blood

Answer 16

plasma

Question 17

take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells elsewhere in the body

Answer 17

red blood cell

Question 18

an iron-containing protein that chemically binds to oxygen molecules

Answer 18

hemoglobin

Question 19

the body’s disease fighters

Answer 19

white blood cell

Question 20

cell fragments that play an important part in forming blood clots

Answer 20

platelet

Question 21

the failure of the circulatory system to provide adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body

Answer 21

shock

Question 22

a network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream

Answer 22

lymphatic system

Question 23

consists of water as dissolved materials, such as glucose

Answer 23

lymph

Question 24

filter lymph, which traps bacteria and other disease causing microorganisms in the fluid

Answer 24

lymph node

Question 25

the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells

Answer 25

respiration

Question 26

a thick, sticky liquid that moistens air and keeps the lining from drying out.

Answer 26

mucus

Question 27

tiny, hairlike extensions that move together in a sweeping motion

Answer 27

cilia

Question 28

the throat

Answer 28

pharynx

Question 29

the windpipe

Answer 29

trachea

Question 30

the passages that direct air to the lungs

Answer 30

bronchi

Question 31

the main organs of the reparatory system

Answer 31

lungs

Question 32

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

Answer 32

alveoli

Question 33

a large, dome-shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing

Answer 33

diaphragm

Question 34

the voice box

Answer 34

larynx

Question 35

folds of connective tissue that produce your voice

Answer 35

vocal chords

Question 36

a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty materials

Answer 36

atherosclerosis

Question 37

occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked

Answer 37

heart attack

Question 38

high blood pressure

Answer 38

hypertension

Question 39

the death of brain tissue that can result when a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts

Answer 39

stroke

Question 40

a serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties

Answer 40

emphysema

Question 41

an irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and may be clogged with mucus

Answer 41

bronchitis

Question 42

a disorder in which the airways and lungs narrow significantly

Answer 42

asthma

Question 43

occurs when there is insufficient gas exchange in the lungs

Answer 43

suffocation

Question 44

an infection that causes fluid to collect in the alveoli, decreasing the lungs' ability to take in and remove carbon dioxide.

Answer 44

pneumonia