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AP Euro > Scientists and Philosophes > Flashcards

Scientists and Philosophes Flashcards

1
Q

Proved nothing about the universe but got people to start thinking and started the scientific revolution

A

copernicus

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2
Q

Said “Cogito, ergo sum”

A

Descartes

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3
Q

Created Calculus independent of newton

A

Leibniz

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4
Q

Proved the heliocentric theory through analysis of years of data and use of math

A

Kepler

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5
Q

Jewish scientist who said that by studying science, one understands how God works

A

Spinoza

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6
Q

Used the scientific mentor to explain why absolutism is needed to run a government

A

Hobbes

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7
Q

Believed in the geocentric theory of the universe, but compiled a large amount of data from years of observations

A

Brahe

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8
Q

Explained how blood flowed in the body

A

Harvey

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9
Q

Wrote Principe Mathemetica

A

Newton

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10
Q

Wrote the Structure of the human body

A

vesalius

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11
Q

Created the scientific method and inductive reasoning

A

bacon

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12
Q

wrote essay of human understanding and treatises of civil goverment

A

locke

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13
Q

wrote leviathan

A

hobbes

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14
Q

created deductive reasoning, analytical geometry, and cartesian dualism

A

descartes

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15
Q

believed the government is there to protect the human rights of its citizens

A

Locke

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16
Q

believed that objects were in a state of motion until a force stops them

A

Newton

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17
Q

Created the laws of gravity

A

newton

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18
Q

Wrote Starry Messenger

A

Galileo

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19
Q

a woman making significant contribution to scientific literature

A

Cavendish

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20
Q

theorized one who reasons could create a “wager” for the face that god exists

A

Pascal

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21
Q

wrote on the revolutions of heavenly spheres

A

copernicus

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22
Q

put on trial by the roman catholic church for his discoveries

A

galileo

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23
Q

used the scientific method to explain that a government’s job is to protect the citizens human rights

A

locke

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24
Q

father of chemistry who identified the name oxygen, hydrogen, and created a list of known elements

A

lavoisier

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25
Q

wrote ethics, where he disagreed with descartes about the separation of the mind and matter and also the separation of god and matter

A

Spinoza

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26
Q

Obtained a lot of data to help his argument in supporting the geocentric theory, but his data ended up proving the heliocentric theory

A

brahe

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27
Q

German woman astronomer whose discoveries included finding a comet, but wasn’t allowed into the Berlin Science Academy

A

Winklemann

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28
Q

Was the first ti state that planets move in elliptical paths, not perfect circles

A

Kepler

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29
Q

Wrote Discourse of methods concerning his though process

A

descartes

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30
Q

Had negative views about people and society and called for absolutism

A

Hobbes

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31
Q

said to reject intellectual authority except conviction of his own reason

A

descartes

32
Q

wrote on anatomical procedures and on the fabric of the human body

A

vesalius

33
Q

wrote on the motion of the heart and the blood

A

harvey

34
Q

Made a system of naming the elements and chemical composition

A

lavosier

35
Q

favored atoms over medical matter

A

boyle

36
Q

wrote observations upon experimental philosophy (chemistry woman)

A

cavendish

37
Q

discovered that mercury and venus revolve around the sun

A

brahe

38
Q

wrote the new astronomy and had the first astronomic model that portrayed correct motion

A

Kepler

39
Q

wrote starry messenger

A

galileo

40
Q

said there was mathematical regularity in all of nature

A

galileo

41
Q

wrote letters on sunspots

A

galileo

42
Q

Wrote advancement of learning
novum organum
new atlantis

A

bacon

43
Q

father of empiricism and experimentation in science

A

bacon

44
Q

wrote pénseis

A

pascal

45
Q

argued that humans need both reason and religion

A

pascal

46
Q

wrote rational and historical accounts of biblical events that disturbed christians and jews

A

spinoza

47
Q

found a more elegant solution to keplers problems

A

cunitz

48
Q

wrote edipe

A

voltaire

49
Q

wrote on the letters on the english

A

voltaire

50
Q

wrote treatise on toleration

A

voltaire

51
Q

applied scientific method to government to find natural laws

A

montesquieu

52
Q

kants definition of the enlightenment

A

mans leaving his self caused immaturity

53
Q

said that people rushed into government to provide private property and government is a necessary evil

A

rousseau

54
Q

wrote social contract

A

rousseau

55
Q

wrote vindication of the rights of women

A

wollstoncraft

56
Q

wrote treatise on human nature

A

hume

57
Q

created the social sciences by using knowledge of human nature

A

hume

58
Q

stated that humans have knowledge only of the things they experience

A

voltaire

59
Q

said the enlightenment corrupted human nature

A

rousseau

60
Q

expanding literate public and growing influence of secular printed materials created a social force called

A

public opinion

61
Q

rousseau argued in his novel Emile that education

A

must combine heart and mind, sentiment and reason

62
Q

published history of the russian empire under peter the great (strong monarchist)

A

voltaire

63
Q

when does the scientific revolution start

A

1500

64
Q

inductive reasoning (hypothesis through observation) and empiricism

A

bacon

65
Q

I think, therefor I am

A

descartes

66
Q

who believed in tabula rasa

A

john locke

67
Q

disagrees with tabula rasa and believes learning is spontaneous and natural but children can be corrupted easily by societies

A

rousseau

68
Q

who fought in the war of austrian succession

A

prussia plus france vs austria plus england

69
Q

treaty of aix la-chapelle

A

prussia gets silesia but thats it, ends war of austrian succession

70
Q

diplomatic revolution

A

prussia with england now and austria is with france

71
Q

European countries in the 7 years wars

A

prussia and england vs austria, france, russia, and sweden

72
Q

treaty of hubertusburg

A

status quo before the war in europe of the 7 years war

73
Q

treaty of paris 1763

A

england won north american part of the 7 years war

74
Q

treaty of paris of 1783

A

american colonies are now free

75
Q

partitioning of poland

A

austria and prussia and russia all wanted pollards land

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