Unit 1 P&Ts

Question 1

Pogroms

Answer 1

Black Plague gave rise to using Jews as scapegoats and massacring them. Believed that the Jews caused black death by poisoning town wells and must be exterminated. Exterminated many Jewish communities and made the flee to Poland

Question 2

Gabelle

Answer 2

Philip VI needed money to pay for the war with England. He used a tax on salts as a form of revenue on the peasantry and middle class

Question 3

Taille

Answer 3

After the 100 years war, France and England were both in debt. The French King imposed a hearth tax that weighed on the peasants and middle class

Question 4

Avignon Papacy

Answer 4

Started when clement V was influenced by French Kinds to move to Avignon. Churches prestige was declining due to movement and influence of the french kings. They made decisions that were in favor of France (french cardinals and popes)

Question 5

Conciliar movement

Answer 5

stated that a general council could end the schism. Resulted in calling the council of Pisa and electing Alexander V, Creating 3 different popes until all 3 resigned or were deposed

Question 6

Mysticism

Answer 6

people wanted to be one with God and this movement spread and turned into Modern Devotion. Lay people beca to live lives similar to monastic lives and established schools

Question 7

Renaissance

Answer 7

the modern world was birthed in this time period. Revival of antiquity, the individual, and secularism to modernize society

Question 8

Lúomo universale

Answer 8

created by a high regard for human dignity and worth, creating a well-rounded personality. Created the popular social ideal and became an important characteristic of the Italian Renaissance

Question 9

Hanseatic League

Answer 9

Held commercial preeminence over the Italians and held monopolies over various areas of trade. Unified northern Europ and gained importance over Italian trade

Question 10

Medici Family

Answer 10

Contributed to many areas of economics and had the greatest bank in Europe. Controlled industrial enterprises and were bankers for the papacy. Enabled Florence to regain preeminence in banking

Question 11

Isabelle d’Este

Answer 11

as a ruler of Mantua on a temporary basis, she encouraged education and built an important library. Cultivated art and learning in the Renaissance

Question 12

Peach of Lodi

Answer 12

Ended a war and created a peace/alliance system. Created an attempt at keeping the balance of power between states

Question 13

Secularism

Answer 13

people being interested in this world, not the next (not as concerned with religion). Noticeable in intellectual and artistic realms

Question 14

Civic Humanism

Answer 14

Intellectuals decided to not live a life of solitude. Made the studies of humanities be put to the service of the state

Question 15

Johannas Gutenberg

Answer 15

Played a main role in completing the printing press, and had the first true book. Development of printing press cultivated education and spreading of ideas

Question 16

war of the roses

Answer 16

civil war in england after the 100 years war, not helping the financial situation. Gave rise to the Tudor dynasty of England and the New Monarchy

Question 17

Court of the Star Chamber

Answer 17

a tool used by Henry VII of England to control the nobles by torture. Significance: allowed to English monarch to maintain power without war

Question 18

Bartholomew Diaz

Answer 18

Portuguese explorer that tried to reach india in search of gold and spices. Sailed to cape of good hope

Question 19

Vasco de Gama

Answer 19

Brought Portuguese to India successfully looking for Christians and spices. Started the Portuguese monopoly on spices and harm to Muslims

Question 20

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 20

Divided the “new world” into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. Forced Portuguese to explore East and Spain to explore west

Question 21

Triangular Trade

Answer 21

connected europe, Africa, and the American continents by means of trade: manufactured goods, slaves, and supplies

Question 22

Price Revolution

Answer 22

set off by mines which held gold and silver, which were valuable and exported to european economy. Inflation and rise of prices

Question 23

Joint Stock Company

Answer 23

Allowed individuals to invest in stock, allowing company to explore and possibly making money. Made it easier to raise money for world trading ventures

Question 24

Mercantilism

Answer 24

Use colonies to achieve a favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports). Needed colonies for materials and markets. Was most commercial reason that colonies were stationed