Section 2

Question 1

Visual impairment scale 20/30 to 20/60

Answer 1

mild vision loss or near-normal vision

Question 2

Visual impairment scale 20/70 to 20/160

Answer 2

moderate visual impairment or moderate low vision

Question 3

Visual impairment scale 20/200 to 20/400

Answer 3

severe visual impairment or severe low vision

Question 4

Visual impairment scale 20/500 to 20/1000

Answer 4

profound visual impairment or profound low vision

Question 5

Near total visual impairment or near total blindness

Answer 5

worse than 20/1000

Question 6

No light perception

Answer 6

total visual impairment or total blindness

Question 7

How is visual impairment measured

Answer 7

in the better eye with the best possible correction

Question 8

Legal blindness

Answer 8

best corrected acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye AND/OR visual field diameter of 20* or less (with correction)

Question 9

Optometry stats

Answer 9

53% uncorrected refractive error; 25% unoperated cataracts; 4% age related muscular degeneration’ 2% glaucoma; 1% diabetic retinopathy
>25 billion need glasses
mostly in low income settings
create challenges at jobs, school & personal health

Question 10

Optometry school

Answer 10

25 schools, 3 in CA
4 year doctorate program, OD
3 part board exams
licensed by states, can do residency or fellowships

Question 11

contact lens complications

Answer 11

dry eye, allergy, corneal abrasions, corneal edema, conjunctivitis

Question 12

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 12

highest rates in US of developed nations

Question 13

glaucoma

Answer 13

group of disorders of progressive structural/functional damage to the eye - optic nerve; intraocular pressure is a RF; primary open angle glaucoma is 3rd leading cause of blindness in US

Question 14

What should happen after a PCP diagnoses a patient with DM?

Answer 14

Refer to optometry for retinal screening, refer to ophthalmology for management, back to PCP for systemic management

Question 15

Osteopathy

Answer 15

all body systems are interrelated & dependent upon one another for good health

Question 16

4 tenants:

Answer 16

1. body is a unit; person is a unit of body, spirit and mind
2. body can self heal
3. structure & function are interrelated
4. rational treatment is based on the above

Question 17

somatic dysfunction

Answer 17

Anatomical hindrance within muscles, soft tissues or joints that decrease circulation of any fluids or impinge nerves ex: elevated 1st rib

Question 18

Osteopathic manipulative medicine OMM

Answer 18

Manual techniques to restore normal function to joints, & tissues to normalize physiology
Joint specific: articulation, HVLA: “popping” a joint don’t need to hear it
Muscle specific: muscle energy, counterstrain
Soft tissue techniques: myofascial