Section 2 Flashcards
What are the natural factors that effect the style, quality and price of wines?
Grapes
Climate
Weather
Soil
What are the human factors that affect the style, quality and the price of wines?
Grape growing
Wine making
Maturation
Market forces
What is clone grap?
Cutting from same variety
What is cross fertilisation ?
This is where pollen from the male part of a flower of one vine is transferred to female part of the flower of another vine.
What is crossing?
When a new variety produced from two parents of the same species.
(Vitis vinifera + Vitis vinifera)
Give examples for crossing grapes!
Cabernet Sauvignon = Cab. Franc + Sauvignon blanc
Mullet thurgau = Riesling + Madeleine Royale
Pinotage = Pinit Noir + Cinsault
What is Hybrid?
Hybrids is a vine whose parents came from two different vine species.
(Vitis Vinifera + Other Vitis)
Give an example for Hybrid grape
Vidal from Canada
(Vitis vinifera + American vitis)
Ugni blanc + Rayon D’or
What a vine needs?
Heat Sunlight Carbon Dioxide Water Nutrients
What are the factors that affect the climate of a vineyard?
Altitude (Altitude rise temperature drops)
Diurnal range (temperature between day time and night) makes growing season longer
Cooling effects from oceans
Large bodies of water ( lake, river moderate to area)
Aspect (looking at south or north)
Soil
What are the temperature hazards?
Winter freeze ( vines can not survive -20 c)
Frost (spring frost can kill buds or flowers)
Cold temperatures in spring ( will be reason of less flower and less fruits
Excessive heat (grapes can stop maturing)
What are the factors that affect the sunlight?
Latitude (higher latitude longer days longer hours of sunlight) stronger sun Aspect Seas Lakes River
Untrellised vineyards typically head trained spur pruned, please explain why and where can be use this method?
This system is best suited to warm or hot,dry, sunny regions, such as Southern Rhone in France and the Barosso Valley in Australia where the extra shade helps to protect grapes.
In cool and wet regions the shade can impede grape ripening and the lack of airflow can promote disease.
This is avoided in Beaujolais, France where the shoots of head trained spur pruned vines are tied together at the tips, which helps expose bunches to air and sunlight.
Untrellised vines are not suitable for mechanical harvesting!
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Sugar in grape juice + Yeasr = Alcohol Heat flavour CO2
What are the Alcoholic fermentation temperatures?
Below 5 yeast cant operate
above 35-38 yeast stop working
White 12 to 22 cool temperature helps retain fruit aromas.
Red 20 to 32 higher temperatures helps extract colours and tannins by skins
