section 2 test Flashcards
1
Q
what is a small smooth are on a bone?
A
facet
2
Q
what are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone?
A
trabeculae
3
Q
Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline. t/f
A
true
4
Q
Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones. t/f
A
true
5
Q
During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days. t/f
A
false
6
Q
Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood t/f
A
true
7
Q
the scapula is an example of what bone?
- irregular
- long
- short
- flat
- sesamoid
A
flat
8
Q
this is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join.
- Epiphyseal plate
- epiphyseal line
- metaphysis
- diaphyseal line
- diaphyseal plate
A
metaphysis
9
Q
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.
- hyaline cartilage
- periosteum
- articular cartilage
- adipose tissue
- none of the above
A
hyaline cartilage
10
Q
these are considered bone dissolving cells.
- osteogenic
- osteoclast
- osteocytes
- osteoblasts
- all of the above
A
osteoclast
11
Q
what are bony chambers were osteocytes are located within the compact bone?
A
lacunae
12
Q
what is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue?
A
bone remodeling
13
Q
In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme t/f
A
false
14
Q
The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk. t/f
A
false
15
Q
Short bones have greater length than width t/f
A
false
16
Q
Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine t/f
A
false
17
Q
The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as
- flat bones
- fontanels
- parietal bones
- temporal bones
- occipital bones
A
fontanels
18
Q
about 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
- rib
- clavicle
- humerus
- ulna
- tibia
A
tibia
19
Q
the lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
- tibia
- fibula
- tarsal
- meratarsals
- none of the above
A
fibula
20
Q
which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
- Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
- Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone.
- Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
- Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
A
hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue
21
Q
what is a ridge or an elongated prominence on a bone?
A
crest
22
Q
when places under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of _ fibers by _
A
collagen, osteoblasts
23
Q
The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones. t/f
A
true
24
Q
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits. t/f
A
false
25
The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle t/f
false
26
The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk t/f
true
27
this is the shaft of a long bone.
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- periosteum
- marrow
diaphysis
28
which of the following is not found in spongy bone?
- Haversian canals
- trabculae
- osteoblasts
- matrix
Haversian canals
29
the largest of the tarsal bones is the?
- talus
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- navicular
calcaneus
30
osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along?
- horizontal to the metaphysis
- parallel to the epiphysis
- lines of stress
- randomly between the epiphyseal plate
- parallel to blood vessels
lines of stress
31
a _ is a long narrow channel, depression or furrow?
groove
32
a _ is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle
epicondyle
33
a boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18. t/f
false
34
The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column t/f
false
35
Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk. t/f
true
36
scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region t/f
true
37
The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called
- Rheumatics
- Podiatry
- Orthopedics
- Cardiology
- Interologist
orthopedics
38
which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?
- tuberosity
- fissure
- meatus
- sulcus
- facet
tuberosity
39
the proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the
- epiphyses
- diaphysis
- metaphyses
- periosteum
- endosteum
epiphyses
40
a _ is a cavity within a bone
sinus
41
an opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass is called a?
foramen
42
the replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification. t/f
true
43
a persons bones are usually ossified by age 16 t/f
false
44
Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate. t/f
true
45
the diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone t/f
false
46
this is a structure of a long bone that stores energy
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- periosteum
- marrow
marrow
47
which facial bone articulates with every other facial bone except the mandible?
- zygomatic bone
- sphenoid bone
- palatine bone
- nasal bone
- maxillae
maxillae
48
these are considered bone building cells.
- osteogenic
- osteoclast
- osteocytes
- osteoblasts
- all of the above
osteoblasts
49
Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?
- zygomatic bone
- parietal bone
- maxillae
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
temporal bone
50
bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called?
osteoblasts
51
what is a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone?
tubercle
52
the main reason the body needs calcium is to make out bones strong t/f
false
53
The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial bones and cranial bones. t/f
true
54
the capitulum :
- Articulates with the head of radius
- Is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus
- Projects anteriorly
- Both a and b
- All of the above
both a and b
55
What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?
- osteogenic cell
- osteoblast
- osteoclast
- osteocyte
- none of the above
osteocyte
56
this is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- periosteum
- marrow
epiphysis
57
which of the following is NOT true of surface marking on bone?
- they allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels
- they provide attachments for muscles
- they provide movement within the bone
- they help form joints
- they can be a depression or a projection
they provide movement within a bone
58
ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called _ ribs
false
59
what is the proximal end of a bone?
head
60
all of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except:
- assistance in movement
- support
- protection
- mineral homeostasis
- carbohydrate storage
carbohydrate storage
61
which of the following hip bones is superior?
- llium
- pubis
- lschium
- both a and c
- all of the above
ilium
62
which of the following is true for yellow bone marrow?
- is can change to red marrow
- it stores fat
- it produces white blood cells
- it produces erythrocytes
- it can change to red marrow and store fat
- all of the above
it can change to red bone marrow and store fat
63
what is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone?
epiphysis
64
what is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit?
fissure
65
which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?
- it produces red blood cells
- it stores fat
- it can change to red marrow
- it is found in the medullary cavity
it produces red blood cells
66
When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?
- increasing the rate of bone deposition
- increasing the rate of bone resorption
- decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine
- increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract
- a and b
in creasing the rate of bone deposition
67
Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium, or pubis
- ilium
- ilium, ischium, pubis
- ischium
- ischium, pubis
- pubis
ilium, ischium, pubis
68
```
the tibiofemoral joint includes
-femur condyles
-condyles of the tibia
condyles of the fibula
-both a and b
-all of the above
```
both a and b
69
calcium ion exchange Is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is _ hormone
parathyroid
70
the _ is the bone shaft or body- the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone
diaphysis
71
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits. t/f
false
72
Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate. t/f
true
73
these bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.
- frontal
- temporal
- parietal
- occipital
- nasal
temporal
74
the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found?
- at the distal end
- at the proximal end
- at the midpoint of the shaft
- at the epiphyseal plate
- none of the above
at the midpoint of the shaft
75
this is a bone located within ankles or wrists.
- long bone
- sutural bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
- short bone
short bone
76
which of the following is found in the axial skeleton/
- tarsal
- tibia
- sphenoid
- scapula
- clavicle
sphenoid
77
what is an elevated round process of a bone?
tuberosity
78
what contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue?
compact bone
79
which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?
- frontal bone
- occipital bone
- temporal bone
- parietal bone
- a and b only
a and b only
80
in which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?
- childhoot and adolescence
- middle age
- old age
- none of the above
childhood and adolescence
81
When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium?
- increasing the rate at which osteoclasts perform bone resorption
- increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract
- decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine
- a and b
- a, b, and c
a, b and c
82
the anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:
- epiphyseal line
- greater tubercle
- intertubercular sulcus
- surgical neck
- both a and c
epiphyseal line
83
the _ bone is sponge like in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits
ethmoid
84
the process of bone formation is referred to as
ossification
85
this facial bone articulates with teeth.
- lacrimal
- palatine
- vomer
- maxillae
- nasal
maxillae
86
Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecialized to specialized.
- Osteoblast, osteogenic, osteocytes
- Osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes
- Osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoblast
- Osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoclast
- None of the above
osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes
87
Which list contains only facial bones?
- lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible
- temporal bones, frontal bone, palatine bones
- sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, temporal bone
- occipital bone, maxillae, vomer
- none of the above
lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible
88
the _ is hyaline cartilage fond on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified and former new bone
epiphyseal plate
89
a _ is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue
process
90
the vertebrae and facial bones are examples of
- irregular bones
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
irregular bones
91
ribs that are not attached to the sternum at their anterior costal cartilages are known as
- vertebrochondral ribs
- vertebrosternal ribs
- false floating ribs
- true rube
- false ribe
- sternocostal ribs
false floating ribs
92
the following are attachment sites on the clavicle
- conical tuberosity
- acromial tuberosity
- costal tuberosity
- all of the above
- none of the above
none of the above
93
what is the scapular notch used for?
- ligament attachment
- tendon attachment
- passageway for a nerve
- both a and b
- none of the above
passageway for a nerve
94
what must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine
vitamin D
95
what is a sharp process of bone?
spine
96
which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?
- ulnar notch
- radial notch
- olecranal notch
- trochlear notch
- epicondyle notch
trochlear notch
97
the _ is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering bone
- ligament
- tendon
- periosteum
- endosteum
- epiphysis
periosteum
98
the arches of the foot:
- are four in number
- are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
- are rigid
- all of the above
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
99
which of the following is not found in compact bone?
- haversian clans
- trabeculae
- osteoblasts
- martix
trabeculae
100
a _ is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur
trochanter
101
the _ arteries enter the metaphases of a long bone and together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses
metaphysical
102
of the following, which are the largest vertabrae?
- cervical
- lumbar
- thoratic
- sacral
- coccyx
lumbar
103
which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?
- females
- males
- both genders
- the coccyx does not point inferiorly in either
females
104
the components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating structural units called?
- volkmans canals
- trabeculae
- osteogenic cells
- osteons or Haversian systems
- lacunae
osteons or Haversian systems
105
which of the following structures contain osteocytes?
- haversian
- volkmanns
- concentric
- lacunae
- canalliuli
lacunae
106
the _ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity
cribriform plate
107
an increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?
- Calcitriol and human growth hormone
- Calcitonin and Calcitriol
- Human growth hormone and Parathyroid
- Parathyroid and Insulin
- Insulin and human growth hormone
calcitonin and calcitriol
108
which type of bone is the occipital?
- long bone
- short bone
- flat bone
- irregular bone
- seasmoid bone
flat bone
109
on the proximal end of the humerus is found:
- the capitulum
- the radial fossa
- the trochlea
- all of the above
- none of the above
none of the above
110
which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscle?
- gluteal tuberosity
- linea aspera
- intertrochanteric crest
- both a and b
- both b and c
both a and b
111
what are bone remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption?
osteoclasts
112
bones of the adult skeleton are grouped in two principal divisions the _ skeleton and the _ skeleton
axial and appendicular
113
The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are:
- calcification, resting, proliferation, hypertrophication
- resting, proliferation, calcification, hypertrophication
- proliferation, resting, hypertrophication, calcification
- resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification
- hypertrophication, calcification, proliferation, resting
resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification
114
this is the layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint
- periosteum
- dital epiphysis
- nutrient foramen
- articular cartilage
- epiphyseal plate
articular cartilage
115
which is not a tarsal bone?
- talus
- calcaneus
- navicular
- cuneiform
- capitate
capitate
116
Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption?
- acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals
- calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland
- osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix of bone
- periosteal ridges form around a periosteal blood vessel
- the kidneys slow down the rate at which calcium is excreted in urine
acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals
117
what is seen in postmenopausal women and is associated with a decrease in calcium in the bones
osteoporosis
118
a _ is a pit or cup like depression
fovea
119
how many phalanges in each hand?
- 10
- 12
- 14
- 16
- 20
14
120
bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?
- calcitriol
- calcitonon
- human growth hormone
- parathyroid
- insulin
parathyroid
121
which of the following is not true for red marrow?
- it produces erythrocytes
- it produces white blood cells
- it can change to yellow marrow
- it is found in the medullary cavity
it can change to yellow marrow
122
what is found in the glenoid cavity?
- subscapular fossa
- acromion
- supraspinous fossa
- spine
- humerus
humerus
123
what are huge cells derived from the fusion of large numbers of monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum?
osteoclasts
124
which of the following tissues may be found within a bone?
- adipose tissue
- nervous tissue
- cartilage
- epithelium
- all of the above
all of the above
125
which of the following is true?
- There are 5 carpals, 8 metacarpals and 14 phalanges.
- There are 8 carpals, 6 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
- There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 12 phalanges
- There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
- There are 5 carpals, 8 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
there are 8 canals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
126
```
the medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella?
-articular facets
-patellofemoral joint
-tibiofemoral joint
-apex
none of the above
```
articular facets
127
the hip joint is comprised of the?-femur
- pelvic gridle
- acetabulum
- both a and b
- both a and c
both a and c
128
in the process of _ bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes
intramembranous ossification
129
what is a furrow or shallow depression?
fossa
130
one type of bone surface marking that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves is a?
- condyle
- crest
- tuberosity
- fissure
- trochanter
fissure
131
the female pelvis is_ than the male pelvis
- wider
- shallower
- larger in the pelvic inlet
- larger in the pelvic outlet
- all of the above
all of the above
132
what is the function of the pelvic gridle?
- support for vertebral column
- attachment site for lower limbs
- aids in height
- both a and b
- all of the above
both a and b
133
this is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sterniclaviculaar joint
- scapula
- clavicle
- xiphoid
- sternum
- ilium
clavicle
134
what is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation?
condyle
135
what is an anatomical line?
linea
136
this is the largest foramen in the skeleton.
- acetabulum
- obturator foramen
- vertebral foramen
- cranial foramen
- foramen magnum
obturator foramen
137
Endochondral ossification involves forming bones ____ , whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones ____
- by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane.
- by growing out along a membrane; by replacing hyaline cartilage.
- as a result of deposition of calcium salts; by replacing hyaline cartilage.
- that are broad and flat; that are long.
by replacing hyaline cartilage, forming bone by growing out along a membrane
138
which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and growth?
- minerals
- vitamins
- hormones
- none of the above
- all of the above
all of the above
139
the type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as
- closed
- open
- impact fracture
- potts fracture
- greenstick fracture
open
140
what is the shaft of bone between epiphyses which is solid, strong and resists bending?
diaphysis
141
what is a passage or opening?
meatus
142
which of the following is not a facial bone?
- vomer
- palatine
- lacrimal
- occipital
- mandible
occipital
143
Endochondral ossification involves forming bones ____ , whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones ____
- by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane.
- by growing out along a membrane; by replacing hyaline cartilage.
- as a result of deposition of calcium salts; by replacing hyaline cartilage.
- that are broad and flat; that are long.
retardation of bone development, rickets
144
what bone feature of the second cerivcal vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?
- primary projection
- occular process
- odontoid process
- cervical projection
- cervix
odontoid process
145
what is a branch, one of the divisions of a forked structure?
ramps
146
bone building cells are called?
osteoblasts
147
which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing?
- chlorine
- sulfur
- magnesium
- both chlorine and sulfur
- all of the above
magnesium
148
this cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones, it contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.
- ethmoid
- frontal
- palatine
- maxilla
- temporal
ethmoid
149
which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin?
- pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- adrenal gland
- pancreas
- none of the above
thyroid gland
150
the two bones that form the prominences of the cheeks as well as part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit are the
- maxillae
- zygomatic bones
- nasal bones
- palatine bones
- lacrimal bones
zygomatic bones
151
this depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch.
- radial notch
- elbow notch
- proximal radioulnar joint
- ulnar notch
- styloid process
radial notch
152
the function of vertebral processes is
- attachment site for muscles
- calcium storage
- to support the body of the vertebrae
- to hold the hyoid in place
- to allow passage of the spinal chord
attachment site for muscles
153
where does the biceps brachia muscle attach itself to the radius/
- radial tuberosity
- styloid process
- ulnar tuberosity
- coronoid process
- none of the above
radial tuberosity
154
the patella is an example of a _ bone
- irregular
- long
- short
- flat
- sesamoid
sesamoid
155
which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?
- occipital
- frontal
- ethmoid
- nasal
- sphenoid
sphenoid
156
bone reduction:
- is the alignment of epiphyseal plates
- can be open or closed
- os followed by a period of mobilization
- is the alignment of epiphyseal plates and can be open or closed
- all of the above
can be open and closed
157
what is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius?
- joins the shafts of both bones
- tendon attachment
- site or bone repair
- both a and b
- none of the above
both a and b
158
during adulthood, which of the following does not contribute to bone remodeling and growth?
- calcium
- vitamins
- enzymes
- sex hormones
- human growth hormones
enzymes
159
the distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist/
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
3
160
compact bone is composed of units called osteons. in contrast, spongy bones is composed of?
- trabeculae
- cartilage
- periosteum
- yellow bone marrow
- lacunae
trabeculae
161
the bones of the skull are an example of?
- irregular bones
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
flat bones
162
which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae?
- sternum
- clavicle
- pelvis
- scapula
- none of the above
scapula
163
the glenohumeral joint includes:
- the humerus, radius and ulna
- the humerus and radius
- the humerus and clavicle
- the humerus and ulna
- the humerus and scapula
the humerus and scapula
164
this type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is usually sen in children?
- open
- comminuted
- impacted
- greenstick
- stress
greenstick
165
the medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for:
- muscle attachment
- tendon attachment
- groove for nerves
- both a and b
- all of the above
tendon attachent
166
these projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.
- mastoid processes
- temporomandibular joint
- foramen magnum
- occipital condyles
- sella turcica
occipital condyles
167
Which of the following is a step in the formation of intramembranous bone?
- Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes
- Outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone.
- Hyaline cartilage grows rapidly, enlarge and form lacunae.
- Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
- connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone
- connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; hyaline cartilage grows rapidly, enlarge and form lacunae
- all of the above
connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone
168
Joe was found dead. his hyoid bone was broken, what was the most likely cause of death?
- natural causes
- cardiac arrest
- gun shot
- strangulation
- choking
strangulation
169
which is more superior on the scapula?
- infraspinous fossa
- aupraspinous fosa
- subscapular fossa
- acromion
- scapular notch
acromion
170
which is the longer bone?
- radius
- metacarpal
- clavicle
- ulna
- metatarsal
ulna
171
_ stimulates _ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk
- testosterone, estradiol
- thyroid hormone, calcitonin
- calcitonin, thyroxin
- growth hormone, IGF
- IGF, growth hormone
growth hormone, IGF
172
within bone tissue, the material that surrounds individual bone cells is called the?
- diaphysis
- articular cartilage
- extracellular matrix
- nervous tissue
- medullary cavity
extracellular matrix
173
which of the following receive the trochlea of the humerus?
- olecranon
- coronoid process
- both a and b
- none of the above
none of the above
174
which of the following is true of the radius?
- it has a coronoid process near the proximal end of the bone
- it articulates with the lacunae, scaphoid and the triquetrum at the wrist
- it has a styloid process at its proximal end
- none of the above
to articulates with the lunate, scaphoid and triwuetrum at the wrist
175
during infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _ undergo mitosis
- articular cartilage
- epiphysis
- zone of resisting cartilage
- zone of proliferating cartilage
- zone of hypertrophic cartilage
zone of proliferating cartilage
176
which is not true of the skull bones?
- they include music membranes
- the only movable bone in the skull is the mandible
- the skull contains foramina but no fissures
- the facial bones provide support for entrance of blood vessels
- they include sinus cavities
the skull contains foramina but no fissures
177
a vitamin D deficiency results in_ whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in_
- rickets, slender fragile bones
- rickets, retardation of bone development
- growth retardation,rickets
- soft bones, rickets
rickets, Alexander fragile bones
178
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper limb, from proximal to distal ends?
- carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, radius and ulna, humerus
- humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
- humerus, tibia and ulna, metatarsals, tarsals, phalanges
- phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and fibula, humerus
- phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and ulna, humerus
humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
179
the clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternocalvicular joint?
- acromion
- coracoid process
- caoraoid tubercle
- glenoid cavity
- manubrium
manubrium
180
which is found in the elbow?
- acromion
- surgical neck
- olecranon
- lesser tubercle
- both a and c
oelcranon
181
these are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.
- volkmanns canals
- haversian canals
- osteons
- canaliculi
- periosteum
canaliculi
182
a hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the?
- endosteum
- osteoblast
- medullary cavity
- spongy bone tissue
- red bone marrow
medullary cavity
183
the ulna:
- articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
- is the lateral bone of the foramen
- is the shorter bone of the foramen
- has a proximal disc shaped head
articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
184
the mastoid process:
- is a rounded projection of the parietal bones
- is the point of attachment for several neck muscles
- is anterior to the external auditory meatus
- both a and b
- all of the above
is the point of attachment for several neck muscles
185
which of the following hormones help raise blood calcium levels?
- human growth hormone
- parathyroid hormone
- calcitonin
- acetycholine
- none of the above
parathyroid hormone
186
this part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
- acromial end
- conoid tubercle
- coastal tuberosity
- sternal end
sternal end
187
which of the following is not true for red marrow?
- it produces osteocytes
- it stores fat
- it can change to yellow marrow
- all of the above
all of the above
188
Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?
- The angle of the female pubic arch is greater than that of the male.
- The female obturator foramen is oval, whereas that of the male is round.
- The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.
- The female pelvis is more flexible than that of the male.
- The male false (greater) pelvis is deeper than that of the female.
the female pelvic inlet is heart shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval
189
what is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?
- costochondritis
- floating ribs
- cartilaginous distension
- costal angle
- intercostals space dissension
costochontritis
190
this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows diaphysis to grow in length
- periosteum
- distal epiphysis
- nutrient foramen
- articular cartilage
- epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal plate
191
Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
- Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone.
- Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes
- Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
- Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes
192
the renewal rate for compact bone tissue is?
- 4%
- 15%
- 20%
- 25%
- no way to measure
4%
193
this is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna
- coronoid fossa
- trochlea
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- lesser tubercle
trochlea
194
which of the following is not true?
- the axial skeleton has 74 bones
- the appendicular skeleton has 126 bones
- the axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body
- children have more bones than adults
- the appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles
the appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles
195
the coral bones unit posteriorly at a joint called:
- pubic symphysis
- bony pelvis
- pelvic girdle
- acetabulum
- none of the above
none of the above
196
which of the following is a protein secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition?
- calcium
- vitamin C
- phosphorus
- collagen
- none of the above
collagen
197
cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of?
- a sharp spinous process
- two transverse processes
- a large body
- two transverse foramen
- facets and demifacets
two transverse foramen
198
which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?
- osteocyte
- osteogenic cell
- osteoclast
- all of the above
- none of the above
osteogenic cell
199
which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?
- parietal
- frontal
- mandible
- occipital
- maxilla
occipital
200
this is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femurs muscle-ischium
- ilium
- pubis
- patella
- femur
patella
201
The carpometacarpal joint consists of:
- Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone
- Base of carpal bone and proximal end of metacarpal bone
- Head of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone
- Head of carpal bone and proximal end of metacarpal bone
- None of the above
bast of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone
202
as the spinal chord exits the cranium, it passes through an opening called the - of the occipital bone
- greater trochanter
- foramen magnum
- occipital condyle
- external auditory meatus
- mental foramen
foramen magnum
203
which of the following do the pelvic girdle articulate with?
- vertebral column
- humerus
- sacrum
- ilium
- pubis
sacrum
204
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?
- femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
- humerus, tibia and fibula, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
- phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, tibia and fibula, femur
- phalanges, tarsals, metatarsals, tibia and ulna, femur
- tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, tibia and fibula, femur
femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
205
what is the junction between the mannubrium and the body of the sternum called?
- suprasternal notch
- xiphoid process
- sternal angle
- sternoclavicular joint
- manubrium joint
sternal angle
206
carpals are examples of _ bones
- irregular
- long
- short
- flat
- sesamoid
short
207
which is found medially?
- lesser trochanter
- greater trochanter
- scaphoid
- radius
- styloid process of radius
lesser trochanter
208
the coax bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:
- pubic symphysis
- bony pelvis
- pelvid girdle
- acetabulum
- none of the above
none of the above
