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Segmented worms - Annelids Flashcards

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1
Q

The phylum Annelida refers to what kind of worms?

A

Segmented worms

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2
Q

What is septa?

A

Thin membranes

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3
Q

FITB: ______ divide earthworms into segments, more properly called metameres

A

Septa

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4
Q

T/F: Segmented worms have repeated structures throughout the body

A

True

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5
Q

Can there be differentiation in structure when it comes to segmented worms?

A

Yes, although most are fairly similar

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6
Q

T/F: There is a lot of differentiation of between each individual segment

A

False

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7
Q

What kind of symmetry do Annelids have?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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8
Q

FITB: Annelids have _________ skeletons for movement & support

A

Hydrostatic

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9
Q

T/F: Annelids are cephalized, but only internally

A

True

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10
Q

T/F: Annelids do not have a complete digestive tract

A

False

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11
Q

What kind of body plan do Annelids have? (It’s a phrase)

A

“Tube-within-a-tube”

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12
Q

T/F: A gas exchange system can be found in segmented worms

A

False

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13
Q

How do Annelids differ from Nematodes body wise? (Hint: muscles)

A

Annelids have longitudinal and circular muscles in the body wall & the digestive system

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14
Q

T/F: The presence of Longitudinal and circular muscles in Annelids allows for peristaltic movements of the gut and body to occur

A

True

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15
Q

FITB: Annelids have a more complex ___________ system than Nematodes

A

Excretory

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16
Q

What is the nephridium?

A

An organ that functions like a kidney

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17
Q

T/F: There are paired nephridia in each metamere segment

A

True

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18
Q

T/F: Annelids have a true circulatory system that consists of a closed circuit of arteries, capillaries & veins

A

True

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19
Q

What is the correct term for the body part ‘hearts’ in Annelids?

A

Aortic arches

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20
Q

T/F: Annelids only have one aortic arch

A

False; they have multiple

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21
Q

What is the function of aortic arches?

A

To regulate blood pressure

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22
Q

FITB: Pumping is done by the _________ _____ _______

A

Muscular Dorsal Vessel

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23
Q

What is an example of a respiratory pigment seen in many species?

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

T/F: Segmented worms have a respiratory system

A

False

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25
T/F: Some types of marine and freshwater annelid forms have external respiratory structures (gills) that increase surface area for diffusion
False; Only marine forms have these structures which allow for increased surface areas for diffusion
26
FITB: Respiration in all annelids is by ________ across the ___________ between blood vessels and outer environment
1. Diffusion 2. Epithelium
27
In the _________ system, annelids have a ________ nerve cord connected to a _________ located "brain" via two circumpharyngeal connectives
1. Nervous 2. Ventral 3. Dorsally
28
What is a pharynx?
The gut
29
What is the more proper term to describe the brains of annelids?
Cerebral ganglia
30
T/F: Each metamere (segment) has a pair of fused ganglia
True
31
What are chlorogogue cells?
Modified cells of the peritoneum which covers the digestive system
32
What are the 2 main functions of chlorogogue cells?
1. Converting waste products of protein metabolism into ammonia and or urea 2. Synthesizing glycogen and fat from excess glucose
33
FITB: Glycogen is a ________ energy-term storage substance that is carried out in your ________
1. Medium 2. Cells
34
What are the 3 Annelid classes?
1. Oligochaeta 2. Polychaeta 3. Hirudinea
35
What are setae (aka "chaetae")?
Bristle-like structures that protrude from the skin
36
T/F: Setae can be short and rigid or hair-like and flexible
True
37
What is an example of a species that is part of the Annelid Setae type?
Sea mouse
38
Sea mice are part of which class of Annelids? A. Oligochaeta B. Polychaeta C. Hirudinea
Polychaeta
39
TOT & FITB: The Oligochaeta class has relatively few/lots of setae made of _______
1. Few 2. Chitin
40
T/F: Setae can range to be small, stout or long and flexible
True
41
FITB: Roughly half of the ~3,500 species of Oligochaetes are _________
Earthworms
42
FITB: Other types of Oligochaetes are smaller, _______ species
Aquatic
43
T/F: Some species of Oligochaetes can be microscopic in size
True
44
The Earthworm digestive system mainly consists of what 6 body parts?
1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Crop (for storage) 5. Gizzard 6. Gut
45
Are Earthworms monoecious or dioecious?
Monoecious
46
What kind of sexual reproduction occurs with Earthworms?
Cross-fertilization that involves sperm exchange
47
FITB: The male reproductive part is called a _______ vesicle that is a storage place for sperm before copulation occurs
Seminal
48
FITB: The female reproductive part is called a seminal __________ which is the place where sperm is stored after copulation occurs
Receptacle
49
FITB: After fertilization occurs, an egg lays in a _______
Cocoon
50
MC & FITB: Most Oligochaetes are... A. Herbivores B. Carnivores C. Detritivores that play a role in the recycling of _______ in the ecosystem
1. C 2. Nutrients
51
T/F: All earthworms in our area are of native origin and do not reduce native plant diversity
False; they are exotic and they do reduce native plant diversity
52
Detritivores eat what? (List 3 examples)
1. Dead plants 2. Leaves 3. Organic matter
53
FITB: The class Polychaeta are ______ annelids with many _______ of various forms
1. Marine 2. Setae
54
What is meant when we say that Polychaeta are "errant species"?
They are wandering predators
55
What are 2 examples of an errant specie?
1. Sandworm 2. Clamworm
56
Why do predatory species have pronounced external cephalization?
Because they are wandering predators looking for prey
57
FITB: Many other types of Polychaeta annelids are ______-dwelling filter or ________ feeders
1. Tube 2. Deposit
58
MR: Nereis, a type of Polychaeta have what type of body structure that is used for gripping?
Parapodia
59
T/F: Parapodia are paired, muscular extensions of each somite (segment) with setae that is used for locomotion or anchoring in a burrow
True
60
TOT: Polychaeta are monoecious/dioecious
Dioecious
61
T/F: Polychaeta have permanent gametes
False
62
MC: What kind of development does Polychaeta have? A. Direct B. Indirect C. Unobservable
B. Indirect
63
What is the name of the larva that can swim?
The Trochophore larva
64
FITB: Epitoky is a form of ____________
Reproduction
65
T/F: Benthic worms can asexually bud off sexually mature individuals that can swim
True
66
The class Hirudinea consists of what kind of Annelid specie?
Leeches
67
What are is a very identifiable body part on a leech?
1. Anterior sucker with mouth
68
The posterior sucker on a leech serves for what 2 functions?
1. Attachment 2. Movement
69
FITB: About 75% of species are _____________ (hint: fancy word for bloodsuckers) of vertebrates while the rest are predators of invertebrates
Ectoparasites
70
What organism do leeches like to hunt?
Snails
71
What are 2 things that leeches do not have in comparison to other annelids?
1. Setae 2. Internal septa
72
T/F: The coelom of Hirudinea is very reduced, mostly connective and contains chlorogogue tissue instead
True
73
T/F: The circulatory system in Hirudinea is not reduced
False
74
T/F: Remnant coelom can form channels that act as vessels in leeches
True
75
T/F: The digestive system is modified for fluid feeding in hematophagous species
True
76
FITB: Hirudinea are _________ with ________ ___________
1. Monoecious 2. Direct development
77
Does Hirudinea have a larval stage?
No
78
T/F: There are 4-13 pairs of testes present in Hirudinea
False; 4-12 pairs of testes
79
T/F: Hirudinea have a pair of ovaries present
True
80
The "little packet of sperm" is known more commonly as what?
A spermatophore
81
FITB: Sperm gets transferred into a a __________ by a ____ or by hypodermic _______________
1. Spermatophore 2. Penis 3. Impregnation
82
FITB: Hirudo medicinalis has historically been used for _____-_______, in the belief that this would cure disease
Blood-letting
83
T/F: Leeches can aid in the process of relieving congestion in the vicinity of a wound
True
84
T/F: There are such things known as leech farms that exist
True

Zoology (13 decks)

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