selection of participants

Question 1

convenience sampling
method

Answer 1

participants who are easily accessible are selected

Question 2

convenience sampling
strengths

Answer 2

the time and effort required to collect the sample is low compared to random and stratified sampling
-costs associated with gathering the sample are low

Question 3

convenience sampling
limitations

Answer 3

-there may be a high level of researcher bias due to researcher subjectively select participants
-the sample is unliklely to be represenative of the population it was taken from

Question 4

snowball sampling
method

Answer 4

1. initial particpants are chosen
2. each participant encourages other people to contact the researcher and join the sample

Question 5

snowball sampling
strengths

Answer 5

-allows researchers to find a sample that may otherwise be difficult to recruit due to the nature of the study
-less time is needed for the researcher to gather a sample is reduced because initial participants recruit additional participants

Question 6

snowball sampling
limitations

Answer 6

-sample is unlikely to be representative of the population it was taken from bs researcher are minimally invloved in participant recruitment
-the sample may be biased as only yhose who are in direct contact with the original participant can be recruited

Question 7

random sampling
method

Answer 7

1. names of all members in a population are collated
2. names are randlomly selected by drawing them out of a hat or using computer generated program

Question 8

random selection
strengths

Answer 8

-researcher bias is minimised
-each participant has an equal chance of being selected to be part of the sample

Question 9

random selection
limitations

Answer 9

-time and effort required to conduct this type of sampling is high
-the sample is unlikely to representative of the population it was taken from if the sample size is not adequate

Question 10

stratified sampling
method

Answer 10

1.the population is broken into subgroups based on characteristics relevant to the study
2.particpants from each subgroup are randmly selected in the same proportions they appear in the population

Question 11

stratified sampling
strengths

Answer 11

-the sample is likely to be representative of the population it was taken from
-researcher bias is minimised

Question 12

stratified sampling
limitations

Answer 12

-the time and effort required to conduct this type of sampling is high
-researcher may not always be able to classify each participant of the population in subgroups

Question 13

random allocation
method

Answer 13

1. names of participants in the sample are collated
2. names are randomly selected by drawinf them out of a hat or using a computer generated program and assigned to groups

Question 14

random allocation
strengths

Answer 14

-it can allow for good generalisability of results because equivalent groups are created
-prevents selection bias because each participant has an equal chance of being placed in the different conditions

Question 15

random allocation
limitations

Answer 15

-it is not possible to use this form of allocation when the independent variable is not able to be manipulated by the reseacher
-while unbiased groups are created, equality of groups in relation to partipant characteristics is not guaranteed