Flashcards in SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Deck (30)
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1
These GAGs are found in the extracellular matrix
chondroitin sulfates
hyaluronate
dermatan sulfate
2
This GAG is not found in the extracellular matrix, but is stored in mast cells
heparin
3
Primary function of lacteals in the small intestine
absorption of chylomicrons
4
Loss of inhibitory motor neurons in the LES leading to failure of LES to relax
achalasia
5
Neural endings and receptors that cause an increase in salivary secretion are predominately located on the (blank) side of the cell membrane
basal
6
As saliva passes through the salivary ducts, it is modified. Na+ ions are reabsorbed and K+ is secreted. When salivary secretion is high, there is less (blank) reabsorption.
Na+
7
Concentration of goblet cells would be high in the (blank)
rectum
8
What structure closes upon swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea?
epiglottis
9
Irritable bowel syndrome occurs when visceral afferent nerve fibers exhibit (blank). It can present as painful constipation of diarrhea.
hypersensitivity
10
Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the colon
ulcerative colitis
11
Normal waist circumference for Caucasian men
<102cm
12
The release of (blank) from S cells stimulates the pancreas to release a secretion rich in bicarbonate ions
secretin
13
Proteolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas are in the inactive form. Trypsinogen is activated by (blank) secreted by the duodenal mucosa and it activates other enzymes.
enterokinase
14
Bicarb ions secreted by the pancreatic ductal cells are produced by the dissociation of carbonic acid. The HCO3- ions are then exchanged for (blank) ions in the lumen
Cl-
15
Basal acid output is increased by...
distention of the stomach followed by activation of afferent and efferent pathways
16
Waist circumference is measured at the level of the (blank)
iliac crest
17
G cells, or gastrin secreting cells, are located in the antral and pyloric regions of the stomach. Gastrin potentiates the release of (blank) from parietal cells
HCl
18
(blank) glands in the fundus of the stomach release gastric acid, pepsinogen, and thick mucous secretions
oxyntic
19
Gastric ulcers are mainly the consequence of this bacteria in the stomach
H. pylori
20
(blank) bile acids are produced by the actions of microorganisms in the lumen of the GI tract
secondary
21
Bile is concentrated in the gall bladder by the absorption of these three things
Na+, Cl-, and water
22
Approximately (blank) percent of vagal fibers are afferent
80%
23
Distortion of the gut mesentary can activate (blank) nociceptive afferent fibers.
splanchnic
24
Many (blank) afferent nerves are likely to be nociceptive.
splanchnic
25
Leptin deficiency is inherited in an autosomal (blank) manner, causes hypogodism, but has normal resting energy expenditure
recessive
26
Asian with a BMI greater than (blank) is "obese"
25
27
At low gastric secretion rates, parietal cells produce a secretion high in NaCl ions. (blank) acid production increases as gastric secretion increases.
HCl
28
Increase in acid production during digestion causes a (blank) tide as the blood pH becomes more basic
Akaline tide
29
An active H+/K+ ATPase on the (blank) side of the parietal cell pumps out H+ into the stomach lumen of the oxyntic glands.
apical
30
