sem 2 - week 4

Question 1

How is the past perfect (pretérito pluscuamperfecto) formed?

Answer 1

using the imperfect tense of “haber” + past participle of the main verb.

Question 2

What are the conjugations of “haber” in the past perfect?

Answer 2

Yo había, Tú habías, Él/Ella/Ud. había, Nosotros/as habíamos, Vosotros/as habíais, Ellos/Ellas/Uds. habían.

Question 3

How do you form the past participle?

Answer 3

-AR verbs → -ado (e.g., hablar → hablado), -ER/-IR verbs → -ido (e.g., comer → comido, vivir → vivido).

Question 4

When is the past perfect tense used?
When I arrived at the station, the train had already left
pretérito pluscuamperfecto

Answer 4

It is used to talk about an action that happened before another past action.

Cuando llegué a la estación, el tren ya había salido.
(When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.)

Question 5

Example sentence with the past perfect - When I arrived at the party, my friends had already left.

Answer 5

Cuando llegué a la fiesta, mis amigos ya se habían ido.

Question 6

What are indefinite pronouns?

Answer 6

Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to people or things in a non-specific way.

Question 7

What are some affirmative indefinite pronouns?

Answer 7

Algo (something), alguien (someone), algún/alguno/a/os/as (some).

Question 8

What are some negative indefinite pronouns?

Answer 8

nada (nothing)
nadie (nobody)
ningún/ninguno/ninguna
(none)

Question 9

How do you use “ninguno” in a sentence?
I don’t have any problems

Answer 9

No tengo ningún problema. (I don’t have any problems.) / No tengo ninguno. (I don’t have any.)

Question 10

When do you need to use “a” before an indefinite pronoun?

Answer 10

When referring to people after a verb, e.g., No vi a nadie en la calle. (I didn’t see anyone on the street.)

Question 11

Cuando llegué a casa, mi hermano ya __________ (salir).

Answer 11

Cuando llegué a casa, mi hermano ya había salido.

Question 12

Antes de ir a la universidad, yo nunca __________ (vivir) solo.

Answer 12

Antes de ir a la universidad, yo nunca había vivido solo.

Question 13

Cuando llegamos al restaurante, ellos ya __________ (comer).

Answer 13

Cuando llegamos al restaurante, ellos ya habían comido

Question 14

No había __________ en la tienda, estaba vacía.

Answer 14

No había nada en la tienda, estaba vacía.

Question 15

Necesito comprar __________ para la cena.

Answer 15

Necesito comprar algo para la cena.

Question 16

No vi __________ en el parque anoche.

Answer 16

No vi a nadie en el parque anoche.

Question 17

Cuando llamé a Ana, ella ya __________ (irse) a dormir

Answer 17

Cuando llamé a Ana, ella ya se había ido a dormir.

Question 18

How do you say “more … than” in Spanish?

Answer 18

Use más … que. Example: Rocío es más mayor que Marta. (Rocío is older than Marta.)

Question 19

How do you say “less … than” in Spanish?

Answer 19

Use menos … que. Example: Marta es menos aventurera que Rocío. (Marta is less adventurous than Rocío.)

Question 20

How do you express equality (“as … as”) in Spanish?
Rocío is as responsible as Marta.

Answer 20

Use tan … como. Example: Rocío es tan responsable como Marta. (Rocío is as responsible as Marta.)

Question 21

How do you compare amounts (as many/much as)?

Answer 21

Use tanto/a/os/as … como. Example: Rocío tiene tantas casas como Marta. (Rocío has as many houses as Marta.)

Question 22

How do you form a relative superlative in Spanish?
Madrid is the biggest city in Spain.

Answer 22

Use el/la/los/las + más/menos + adjective + de. Example: Madrid es la ciudad más grande de España. (Madrid is the biggest city in Spain.)

Question 23

How do you form an absolute superlative?

Answer 23

Add -ísimo/a/os/as to an adjective. Example: Madrid es grandísima. (Madrid is extremely big.)

Question 24

What are some common irregular absolute superlatives?
very close
very far
very difficult
very easy

Answer 24

Cerca → cerquísima (very close)
Lejos → lejísimos (very far)
Difícil → dificilísimo (very difficult)
Fácil → facilísimo (very easy)

Question 25

How do you describe past customs or habits? (When I was a child, I used to play in the park.)

Answer 25

Use the imperfect tense. Example: Cuando era niño, jugaba en el parque.

Question 26

What are the key imperfect tense verbs used to describe past customs?

Answer 26

ser - era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran tener - tenía, tenías, tenía, teníamos, teníais, tenían haber - había jugar - jugaba, jugabas, jugaba, jugábamos, jugabais, jugaban ir - iba... estar- estaba... dar - daba... hacer - hacía...

Question 27

How do you describe a place in the past?

Answer 27

Use había (there was/were) and era/estaba (was). Example: La ciudad estaba llena de parques. (The city was full of parks.)

Question 28

Fill in the blank: En el pasado, mi barrio __________ (ser) más tranquilo.

Answer 28

era

Question 29

How do you express differences between past and present? Before, there was less traffic; now there are more cars

Answer 29

Use antes ... ahora. Example: Antes había menos tráfico, ahora hay más coches. (Before, there was less traffic; now there are more cars.)

Question 30

Give an example of a sentence comparing past and present. Before, the town was very small; now it is a big city.

Answer 30

Antes, el pueblo era muy pequeño, ahora es una ciudad grande.

Question 31

How do you ask someone about their childhood habits?

Answer 31

Use ¿Cómo era...? ¿Qué hacías...? Example: ¿Cómo era tu ciudad cuando eras niño? (What was your city like when you were a child?)

Question 32

How do you talk about a place’s physical characteristics in the past? The park was full of trees.

Answer 32

Use estar + lleno de ... (was full of). Example: El parque estaba lleno de árboles. (The park was full of trees.)

Question 33

How do you use indefinite pronouns to talk about unspecified things? something, someone, some, nothing, nobody, none

Answer 33

- algo (something) - alguien (someone) - algún/alguno/a/os/as (some) - nada (nothing) - nadie (nobody) - ningún/ninguno/ninguna (none)

Question 34

How do you use "ninguno" in a sentence?

Answer 34

No tengo ningún problema. (I don’t have any problems.) / No tengo ninguno. (I don’t have any.)

Question 35

How do you use "a" before an indefinite pronoun?

Answer 35

Use a before alguien or nadie if they are direct objects. Example: No vi a nadie en el parque. (I didn’t see anyone in the park.)

Question 36

Fill in the blank: No había __________ en la tienda, estaba vacía.

Answer 36

nada

Question 37

What are some examples of absolute superlatives with planets? - Venus is extremely hot. Jupiter is extremely big. Mercury is extremely difficult to see.

Answer 37

- Venus es calurosísimo. - Júpiter es grandísimo. - Mercurio es dificilísimo de ver.

Question 38

What are the 4 past tenses

Answer 38

- Pretérito indefinido (Simple Past) - e, aste - Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect) - habria + participle - Pretérito Perfecto (Present Perfect) - he + participle - Imperfecto (Imperfect) - aba

Question 39

When do we use the Pretérito (Simple Past)? Yesterday I went to the movies.

Answer 39

For completed actions in the past with a clear beginning or end. Used for specific past events. Example: Ayer fui al cine.

Question 40

When do we use the Imperfecto (Imperfect) in Spanish? When I was a child, I used to play a lot.

Answer 40

For ongoing or repeated past actions without a defined endpoint. Used for descriptions, habits, or background information. Example: Cuando era niño, jugaba mucho.

Question 41

When do we use the Pretérito Perfecto (Present Perfect) in Spanish? I have eaten sushi several times.

Answer 41

For past actions related to the present (often with 'ya' or 'alguna vez'). Used for experiences or actions affecting the present. Example: He comido sushi varias veces.

Question 42

When do we use the Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect) in Spanish? When I arrived, she had already left.

Answer 42

For actions that happened before another past action. Used to describe what had already happened at a certain point in the past. Example: Cuando llegué, ella ya había salido.

Question 43

What are common signal words for the Pretérito?

Answer 43

Words indicating a specific past time: Ayer, anoche, el año pasado, en 2010, una vez.

Question 44

What are common signal words for the Imperfecto?

Answer 44

Words indicating repetition or duration: Siempre, a menudo, todos los días, mientras, de niño/a.

Question 45

What are common signal words for the Pretérito Perfecto?

Answer 45

Words linking past to present: Hoy, esta semana, alguna vez, nunca, recientemente.

Question 46

What are common signal words for the Pluscuamperfecto?

Answer 46

Words indicating a past action before another past event: Antes de, ya, todavía no, cuando, después de.

Question 47

How do you conjugate 'hablar' in Pretérito for 'yo'?

Answer 47

Yo hablé. (I spoke.)

Question 48

How do you conjugate 'hablar' in Pluscuamperfecto for 'yo'?

Answer 48

Yo había hablado. (I had spoken.)

Question 49

How do you conjugate 'hablar' in Imperfecto for 'yo'?

Answer 49

Yo hablaba. (I used to speak / I was speaking.)

Question 50

How do you conjugate 'hablar' in Pretérito Perfecto for 'yo'?

Answer 50

Yo he hablado. (I have spoken.)

Question 51

What is the grammatical structure of the Pretérito (Simple Past)?

Answer 51

Root + Preterite Endings. Example: hablar → yo hablé, tú hablaste, él habló. Regular endings: -AR (-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron) / -ER & -IR (-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron).

Question 52

What is the grammatical structure of the Imperfecto (Imperfect)?

Answer 52

Root + Imperfect Endings. Example: hablar → yo hablaba, tú hablabas, él hablaba. Regular endings: -AR (-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban) -ER & -IR (-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían).

Question 53

What is the grammatical structure of the Pretérito Perfecto (Present Perfect)?

Answer 53

Present tense of "haber" + past participle. Example: hablar → yo he hablado, tú has hablado, él ha hablado. Haber conjugation: he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han.

Question 54

What is the grammatical structure of the Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect)?.

Answer 54

Imperfect tense of "haber" + past participle Example: hablar → yo había hablado, tú habías hablado, él había hablado. Haber conjugation: había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían.