Semantics Flashcards
(30 cards)
Semantics
the study of the meaning of language
Referent
entity identified by the use of a referring expression
Speaker-Reference
what the speaker is referring to by using some linguistic expression (pragmatics)
Linguistic-Reference
systematic denotation of some linguistic expression as part of a language
Extension
set of all potential referents for a referring expression
Prototype
a typical member of the extension of a referring expression
Stereotype
a list of characteristics describing a prototype
Coreference
two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity
Anaphoria
linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression
Deixis
has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation
Denotative Meaning
logical meaning, indicates essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it from other concepts
Connotative Meaning
additional or associated meaning, attached to the denotative, conceptual meaning; consists of associates made with a concept whenever that concept is referred to
Social Meaning
meaning that a word possessed by virtue of its use in particular social situations and circumstances
Thematic Meaning
lies in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis
Agent
the entity that performs the action
Theme
the entity that is involved in or affected by the action
Instrument
if an agent uses another entity in performing an action, the other entity is the instrument
Benefactive
noun or noun phrase that refers to the person or animal who benefits, or is meant to benefit, from the action of the verb
Experiencer
when a NP designates an entity as the person who has a feeling, apperception, or a state, it fills the role of experience
Location
where an entity is
Source
from where an entity moves
Synonymy
two or more forms with closely related meanings
Antonymy
two forms with opposite meanings
Hyponymy
when the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another
