Syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

structure of sentences

Question 2

Grammar

Answer 2

complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given language possess

Question 3

Structure

Answer 3

organized combination of mutually connected and dependent parts or elements

Question 4

Constituents

Answer 4

syntactic units

Question 5

Phrases

Answer 5

a group of words (or possibly a single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence, a single unit within a grammatical hierarchy

Question 6

Pronominalisation

Answer 6

substitution of a constituent by a pronoun

Question 7

Movement

Answer 7

if a string of words can be moved to other sentential positions,

Question 8

Mother Node

Answer 8

node immediately above a given node

Question 9

Sister Node

Answer 9

nodes that share the same mother node

Question 10

Structural Ambiguity

Answer 10

presence of two or more possible meanings within a single sentence or sequence of words

Question 11

Head

Answer 11

most important element of a phrase, phrases named after their head; ex: prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, etc.

Question 12

Demonstratives

Answer 12

occur in slot 1 of a noun phrase, but also as words replacing a whole phrase

Question 13

Subordinate Clauses

Answer 13

a group of words that has both a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence

Question 14

Clause

Answer 14

Syntactic unit that consists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject

Question 15

Sentences

Answer 15

largest syntactic unit and made up of one or more clause

Question 16

Matrix Clause

Answer 16

main clause; clauses that can stand on their own

Question 17

Predicate

Answer 17

one of the two main parts of a sentence; auxiliary and main verbs in a sentence

Question 18

Subject-Verb Agreement

Answer 18

syntactic process which requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features

Question 19

Case Forms

Answer 19

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

Question 20

Transitive Verbs

Answer 20

verbs that need an object

Question 21

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 21

verbs that cannot take an object

Question 22

Ditransitive Verbs

Answer 22

verbs that can take 2 objects

Question 23

Direct Object

Answer 23

one object of a ditransitive verb; denotes entity that undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb

Question 24

Indirect Object

Answer 24

recipient or beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb, object that denotes the goal

Question 25

Adverbial (Adjunct)

Answer 25

constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and object; modifiers of the clause or verb phrase

Question 26

Complement

Answer 26

semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents

Question 27

Predicative Complements

Answer 27

complements of verbs, one participant involved and the nominal phrases that follow verbs provide information about the subject

Question 28

Phrase Structure Rules

Answer 28

rules that build syntactic structures

Question 29

Pro-Form

Answer 29

a word or phrase that can take the place of another word (or word group) in a sentence

Question 30

Coordination Test

Answer 30

only constituents can be coordinated

Question 31

Coordination

Answer 31

frequently occurring complex syntactic structure that links together two or more elements, known as conjuncts or conjoins

Question 32

Sentential Function

Answer 32

an expression that contains one or more variables and becomes a declarative sentence when constants are substituted for the variables

Question 33

Gapping

Answer 33

a rule of transformational grammar by which repeated instances of a verb are deleted from conjoined sentences

Question 34

Noun Phrases

Answer 34

phrases headed by a noun (NP)

Question 35

Prepositional Phrases

Answer 35

phrases headed by a preposition (PP)

Question 36

Adjective Phrases

Answer 36

phrases headed by an adjective (AP)

Question 37

Verb Phrases

Answer 37

phrases headed by a verb (VP)

Question 38

Adverb Phrases

Answer 38

phrases headed by an adverb (ADVP)

Question 39

Lexical Category

Answer 39

syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language

Question 40

Projection

Answer 40

in a phrase, when the head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole