Semester 1 Final Flashcards by Olivia Pohlmann

System? Function of system?

Bones, cartilage, ligaments

Skeletal
Provides points of attachment for muscles
Protects soft tissue 
House blood producing cells
Passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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System? Function of system?

Muscles

Muscular
Movement
Maintaining posture
Support
Storage of materials 
Temperature regulation

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System? Function of system?

Brain, nerves, spinal cord, sense organs

Nervous;
Feeling
Thinking
Remembering
Moving

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System? Function of system?

Pituitary, adrenal glands, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes, parathyroid, pineal gland, thymus gland

Endocrine;

Regulating functions of maintain homeostasis

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System? Function of system?

Lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen

Lymphatic;

Transports fluids

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System? Function of system?

Mouth, pharynx, liver, large intestine, teeth, tongue, esophagus

Digestive;

Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

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System? Function of system?

Nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs

Respiratory;

Obtaining oxygen and removing CO2

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System? Function of system?

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder

Urinary;
Removes wastes
Regulates Ph and fluids

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System? Function of system?

Scrotum, vasa differentia, penis

Male reproductive;
Produce/maintain sperm
Secrete make sex hormones

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System? Function of system?

Ovaries, vagina, uterine tubes, clitoris

Female reproductive;
Produce/maintain/support eggs
Produce female sex hormones

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Above another part

Superior

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Below another part

Inferior

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Back

Dorsal

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Front

Central

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Middle

Medial

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Sides

Lateral

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Closer to point of attachment

Proximal

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Further from point of attachment

Distal

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End of bone

Epiphysis

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Reduce weight and subject to forces

Spongy bone

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Middle of bone

Diaphysis

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Tightly packed tissue, no gaps

Compact bone

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Hollow chamber in center of bone

Medullary cavity

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Outer connective layer around bone

Periosteum

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Non movable joint

Fibrous

Slight give on impact, not much motion

Cartilaginous

Moveable joint

Synovial

Allows large range of motion, ex: shoulder, hip

Ball and socket

Many motions, no rotation ex: metacarpals and phalanges

Condyloid

Allow sliding and twisting movement, ex: wrist

Gliding

Represent movement of door hinges, ex: knee

Hinge

Rotation around central axis, ex: proximal end of ulna

Pivot

Variety of movement, ex: carpal and metacarpal of thumb

Saddle

Moving away from midline

Abduction

Moving to the midline

Adduction

Angle between parts decreases

Flexion

Angle between parts increases

Extension

Raising a part

Elevation

Lowering a part

Depression

Separates one skeletal muscle from another, may extend to connect to a tendon

Fascia

Surrounds skeletal muscle

Epimysium

Extends inward, separates muscle into small compartments

Perimysium

Surrounds muscle fibers

Endomysium

Bundles of muscle fibers

Fascicles

Single cells that contract and relax

Muscle fibers

Contractible fibers within muscle cells

Myofibrils

Thick protein filaments

Myosin

Thin protein fibers

Actin

Attach muscle to bone

Tendons

End of skeletal muscle that connects to fixed part

Origin

End of skeletal muscle that connects to movable part

Insertion

Muscle that does most of the movement

Prime mover

Muscle that assists prime mover

Synergists

Resists prime mover's motion and causes movement in opposite direction

Antagonist

Closes eye

Orbicularis oculi

Closes and protrudes lips

Orbicularis oris

Closes jaw

Masseter

Moves head, raises sternum

Sternocleidomastoid

Pulls arm anteriorly and across chest; rotates humerus, adducts arm

Pectoralis major

Extends and adducts arm; rotates humerus inward; pulls shoulder downward and posteriorly

Latissimus dorsi

Abducts arm, extends and flexes humerus

Deltoid

Flexes forearm @ elbow and rotates hand laterally

Biceps brachii

Extends forearm @ elbow

Triceps brachii

Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents, flexes vertebral column

Rectus abdominus

Extends thigh

Gluteus Maximus

Adducts thigh, flexes and rotates lower limb medially

Gracilis

Hamstring group?

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Quadriceps femoris group?

``` Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior ```

Brain and spinal cord

Central nervous system

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves

Peripheral nervous system

Basic structural unit

Neuron

Receives input

Dendrites

Conducts impulses away from neuron

Axon

Conscious control

Somatic

Involuntary

Autonomic

"Fight or flight"

Sympathetic

"Rest and digest"

Parasympathetic

Cut down the central; symmetrical

Sagittal plane

Cut in half

Transverse plane

System? Function of system? | Skin, hair, nails

Integumentary; protects body from outside influences

Origin of GH

Function of GH

Increase in cell size and division

Origin of prolactin

Function of prolactin

Milk production following birth

Origin of oxytocin

Function of oxytocin

Uterine contractions, milk let-down

Origin of ADH (vasopressin)

Function of ADH (vasopressin)

Water concentration in kidneys and body fluids

Origin of PTH

Parathyroid

Function of PTH

Increases blood calcium

Origin of calcitonin

Thyroid

Function of calcitonin

Decreases blood calcium

Origin of T3 and T4

Thyroid

Function of T3 and T4

Metabolism regulation

Origin or glucagon

Alpha cells- pancreas

Function of glucagon

Raises blood glucose

Origin of insulin

Beta cells- pancreas

Function of insulin

Lowers blood glucose

Origin of cortisol

Adrenal cortex

Function of cortisol

Protein and fat metabolism

Origin of aldosterone

Adrenal cortex

Function of aldosterone

Regulates concentration of Na and K in kidneys

Origin of epinephrine

Adrenal medulla

Function of epinephrine

Fight or flight response

Origin of testosterone

Testes

Function of testosterone

Male sex characteristics

Origin of estradiol

Ovaries

Function of estradiol

Female sex characteristics; menstrual cycle

Origin of progesterone

Ovaries

Function of progesterone

Pregnancy; menstrual cycle

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

(110 cards)