Unit 7 Test: Digestive System

Question 1

What is the difference between the alimentary canal and an accessory organ?

Answer 1

Alimentary canal is where food actually passes through and digestion takes place.
Accessory organs aid digestion by producing and secreting enzymes, etc.

Question 2

What is the structure of the mucous membrane in the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

Surface epithelium
Smooth mm
Connective tissue
Glands
Folds

Question 3

What is the function of the mucous membrane in the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

Protects tissues beneath, secretion and absorption

Question 4

What is the structure of the submucosa in the alimentary canal?

Answer 4

Glands
Vessels
Nerves

Question 5

What is the function of the submucosa in the alimentary canal?

Answer 5

Carry away absorbed nutrients

Question 6

What is the structure of the muscular layer in the alimentary canal?

Answer 6

Smooth mm

Nerves

Question 7

What is the function of the muscular layer in the alimentary canal?

Answer 7

Produces movements of the tube

Question 8

What is the structure of the serous layer in the alimentary canal?

Answer 8

Visceral peritoneum

Question 9

What is the function of the serous layer in the alimentary canal?

Answer 9

Protests underlying tissues

Secrets serous fluid to lubricate outer surface

Question 10

Describe the mixing movements of the alimentary canal.

Answer 10

Smooth mm in small segments contract rhythmically

Question 11

Describe the propelling movements of the alimentary canal.

Answer 11

Wave like motion that moves contents down the canal. Ex: peristalsis

Question 12

What are the functions of the mouth? The tongue?

Answer 12

Mechanical breakdown of food, begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates (amylase in saliva)!

Question 13

What are the parts of the palate? What are their functions?

Answer 13

Hard palate: anterior portion, anchor for teeth

Soft palate: posterior portion raised during swallowing, contains palatine tonsils

Question 14

How do the structure of teeth relate to their functions?

Answer 14

Incisors–> chisel shaped = biting
Cuspids—> cone shaped = tearing
Molars—> flat = grinding

Question 15

What is the function salivary glands?

Answer 15

Moisten and bind food
Begins chemical digestion of food
Cleanses mouth and teeth

Question 16

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 16

It acts as a “switch” between the trachea and the esophagus to permit air to enter the trachea and food to enter the esophagus

Question 17

Describe the structures and function of the esophagus.

Answer 17

Long, muscular tube with mucous glands

Peristalsis pushes food to the stomach

Question 18

What are the functions of the stomach? Name the regions of the stomach and where they are located.

Answer 18

Secrets acid and enzymes. Mixes food with secretions to begin enzymatic breakdown of proteins. 
Cardiac
Fundic
Body
Pyloric

Question 19

What are the secretions of the mucous cell?

Answer 19

Mucous

Question 20

What is the function and action of the mucous cell?

Answer 20

Slightly alkaline, prevents stomach breakdown

Question 21

What is the secretion of the chief cell?

Answer 21

Pepsinogen

Question 22

What is the function and action of the chief cell?

Answer 22

Turns into pepsin by HCl

Begins protein digestion

Question 23

What are the secretions of the parietal cell?

Answer 23

HCl, intrinsic factor

Question 24

What is the function and action of the parietal cell?

Answer 24

HCl breaks down food
Turns pepsinogen into pepsin
Intrinsic factor helps SI absorb vitamin B-12

Question 25

What substances are absorbed from the stomach?

Answer 25

Some water Certain salts Alcohol Some lipid soluble drugs

Question 26

What factors affect the rate at which the stomach empties?

Answer 26

The pyloric sphincter releases as chyme accumulates in pyloric region. Rate of passage: Fastest- liquids then carbs, then protein Slowest- fat

Question 27

Describe the action of amylase

Answer 27

Break down carbs into disaccharides

Question 28

Describe the action of lipase

Answer 28

Fats--> fatty acids and glycerol

Question 29

Describe the action of trypsin.

Answer 29

Proteins

Question 30

Describe the action of chymotrypsin

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

Describe the action of carboxypeptidase

Answer 31

Proteins

Question 32

How are the actions of the pancreas controlled?!

Answer 32

They are stimulated by secretion of gastric juice from the stomach Secretion and cholecystokinin=hormones released by duodenum---> stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice

Question 33

Explain the digestive function of the liver.

Answer 33

Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism Storage of glycogen, iron, vitamin A, D, B-12 Blood filtering and detoxification Production of bile

Question 34

What is the function of the gall bladder? What is the function of bile?

Answer 34

Stores and secrets bile into duodenum Contains bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, electrolytes Bile salts break up fat globules, enhance absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins

Question 35

List the secretions of the small intestine and describe their functions.

Answer 35

``` Peptidase= amino acid breakdown Sucrase= sucrose breakdown Maltase= maltose breakdown Lactase= lactose breakdown Lipase= splits fats into fatty acids and cholesterol ```

Question 36

What is a lacteal?

Answer 36

A lymphatic capillary found in each villi in the SI. It carries away wastes.

Question 37

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 37

Absorb water Complete the breakdown of some molecules (cellulose) Produces feces

Question 38

What is the function of mucous in the large intestine?

Answer 38

Protects the intestinal wall | Binds fecal matter together

Question 39

What is the role of large intestinal bacteria?

Answer 39

To complete the breakdown of cellulose.

Question 40

Describe the composition of feces.

Answer 40

``` Undigested food Water Electrolytes Mucous Shed intestinal cells Bacteria ```

Question 41

Name the 6 categories of nutrients.

Answer 41

``` Proteins Vitamins Minerals Carbohydrates Lipids Water ```

Question 42

Define digestion.

Answer 42

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, and the absorption of nutrients

Question 43

What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 43

Simple: quick energy sources that do no supply any other nutrient or fiber Complex: supply energy, but also supply other nutrients and fiber

Question 44

Give some examples of simple and complex carbohydrates.

Answer 44

Simple: sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose) Complex: grains, seeds, beans, tubers

Question 45

What is the main purpose of lipids?

Answer 45

To supply energy

Question 46

Name the various functions of proteins in the human body.

Answer 46

``` Enzymes Plasma proteins Muscle components Some hormones Antibodies Energy ``` Broken down into amino acids