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Biology > semester 2 exam > Flashcards

semester 2 exam Flashcards

1
Q

number of cells in eubacteria

A

unicellular

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2
Q

explain how embryology is used to support the concept of chordates having a common ancestor

A

chordates develop as embryos in a similar manner

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3
Q

what type of cells undergo meiosis

A

sperm and eggs

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4
Q

significance of alexander flemming

A

antibiotic

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5
Q

define autotroph

A

makes its own food

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6
Q

cell nucleus in archaebacteria

A

absent

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7
Q

example of archaebacteria

A

methanogen

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8
Q

significance of gregor mendel

A

pea plants

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9
Q

name 2 reasons that bacteria are necessary to ecosystems

A
  • nitrogen and carbon cycles to recycle nitrogen and carbon back into the environment
  • assist in the digestion inside of organisms
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10
Q

symptoms of a viral infection

A
  • low WBC
  • low grade fever
  • ache
  • soreness
  • fatigue
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11
Q

cell wall composition in archaebacteria

A

pseudomurien

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12
Q

what are the first, second, and third lines of defense in your body

A

first- skin, mucus in nose, acid in stomach
second- macrophages to eat invaders
third- antibodies for memory

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13
Q

define evolution

A

a populations genes change over time

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14
Q 
smiley faces for..
commensalism
parasitism
predation
mutualism 
competition 
neutralism
A 
\:) :|
\:) X(
\:) X(
\:) :)
\:( :(
\:| :|
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15
Q

number of cells in archaebacteria

A

unicellular

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16
Q

whats the difference between primary and secondary succession

A

secondary succession has soil still in tack

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17
Q

after the sperm and egg join, whats the name of the new cell that is formed

A

zygote

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18
Q

auto/hetero in eubacteria

A

auto and hetero

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19
Q

define homologous structures

A

same structures, different functions

ex: hands and fins

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20
Q

where do the sperm and egg meet in the females body

A

fallopian tubes

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21
Q

name 5 differences between meiosis and mitosis

A
  • meiosis has 2 divisions, mitosis has 1 division
  • meiosis creates gametes, mitosis creates body cells
  • meiosis has tetrads in metaphase 1, mitosis has no tetrads
  • meiosis has 4 daughter cells, mitosis has 2 daughter cells
  • meiosis creates haploid cells, mitosis creates diploid cells
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22
Q

cell type of archaebacteria

A

prokaryote

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23
Q

function of helper t cells

A

calls for immune system

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24
Q

location of mRNA in a cell

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

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25
Q

location of rRNA in a cell

A

ribosomes and cytoplasm

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26
Q

describe lytic cycle reproduction and give an example

A

takes over cell and explodes (common cold)

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27
Q

function of antibody

A

tag invaders

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28
Q

what does HIV stand for

A

human immunodeficiency virus

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29
Q

cell type of eubacteria

A

prokaryote

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30
Q

location of tRNA in a cell

A

cytoplasm

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31
Q

what is the significance of a mutation taking place in a chromosome

A

mutations alter genes, no proteins made

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32
Q

function of bladder (human)

A

stores urine

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33
Q

how is a virus like a living cell

A

made of CHON

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34
Q

what is the role of DNA

A

code for synthesis proteins

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35
Q

5 pieces of evidence used to support the theory of evolution

A
  • fossils
  • biogeography
  • anatomy
  • phyiology
  • embryology
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36
Q

cell wall in eubacteria

A

present

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37
Q

function of uterus (human)

A

where baby develops

38
Q

function of interphase G1

A

protein synthesis

39
Q

cell wall composition in eubacteria

A

peptidoglycan

40
Q

define biogeography

A

use of life on landmasses

41
Q

what type of cells undergo mitosis

A

somatic cells

42
Q

list steps of TRANSLATION

A
  • mRNA attaches to ribosome
  • mRNA codon matches tRNA anticodon
  • amino acid is deposited
  • peptide bond is formed
  • continues until stop codon
43
Q

significance of charles darwin

A

natural selection

44
Q

define analogous structures

A

same functions, different structures

ex: bat wing and bird wing

45
Q

list steps of TRANSCRIPTION

A
  • DNA unwinds and unzips
  • mRNA complements DNA
  • mRNA leaves nucleus
  • DNA reattaches
46
Q

significance of reginald punnett

A

predict genetic outcomes

47
Q

function of macrophage

A

big eaters

48
Q

place these terms in order from smallest to largest

nucleotide, nitrogen base, chromatid, tetrad, nitrogen, gene, chromosome

A

nitrogen, nitrogen base, nucleotide, gene, chromatid, chromosome, tetrad

49
Q

auto/heter in archaebacteria

A

auto and heter

50
Q

in what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place

A

interphase S

51
Q

define heterotroph

A

cannot make its own food

52
Q

significance of edward jenner

A

vaccine

53
Q

what are 2 common bacterial infections

A

strep throat
staph
tetanus

54
Q

what type of cell does HIV attack and what are the consequences

A

HIV attaches to helper T cells which shuts down immune system communication

55
Q

describe lysogenic reproduction and give an example

A

joins with host DNA (herpes)

56
Q

place the classification groups in order from most specific to most broad

A

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

57
Q

examples of eubacteria

A

e. coli

58
Q

name three biomolecules that all organisms have in common

A
  • nucleic acids
  • carbs
  • proteins
59
Q

function of ovary (human)

A

makes eggs

60
Q

what components make up a strand of DNA

A

sugar/phosphate/nitrogenous base

61
Q

significance of carl linneaus

A

taxonomy

62
Q

domain of eubacteria

A

bacteria

63
Q

in which phase of the cell cycle does protein synthesis take place

A

interphase G1

64
Q

function of human immune system

A

protect human body from invasion

65
Q

cell wall in archaebacteria

A

present

66
Q

significance of biogeography on genetic drift

A

to show which continents were connected

67
Q

function of vas deferens (human)

A

transports sperm

68
Q

domain of archaebacteria

A

archae

69
Q

what is a speciation event

A

an event that causes or results in genetic change

70
Q

what are vaccines

A

weakened or dead virus

71
Q

cell nucleus in eubacteria

A

absent

72
Q

describe retrovirus reproduction and give an example

A

reverse transcriptase (HIV)

73
Q

define decomposer

A

heterotroph that breaks down organic matter

74
Q

describe the 2 transport vessels found in plants

A

xylem- transports water up

phloem- transports sugar down

75
Q

what level of classification group constitutes organisms that CAN reproduce successfully

A

species

76
Q

define taxonomy

A

study of classification so that scientists have a common language

77
Q

function of interphase S

A

DNA replication

78
Q

what information can you get from a karyotype (2)

A

gender

chromosomal abnormalities

79
Q

what two parts of the flower don’t affect reproduction

A

peduncle and sepal

80
Q

function of testes

A

makes sperm

81
Q

how can you get rid of a bacterial infection

A

antibiotics

82
Q

function of epididymis (human)

A

where sperm matures

83
Q

what is cancer

A

uncontrolled cell division

84
Q

how is cancer related to mitosis

A

mitosis is the process of dividing cells, cancer is when cells divide too rapidly

85
Q

what happens is prophase

A

spindle forms and chromosomes become visible

86
Q

what happens in metaphase

A

chromosomes line up along the equator

87
Q

what happens in anaphase

A

chromatids move to opposite poles

88
Q

what happens in telophase

A

chromosomes meet edge of poles and unwind

89
Q

what happens in cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm divides

90
Q

what do viruses need in order to survive

A

a host

91
Q

crossing over occurs in which phase

A

metaphase 1

Biology (9 decks)

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