unit 1

Question 1

dependent variable (DV)

Answer 1

the variable that responds to the independent variable

Question 2

control group

Answer 2

the group to which everything is compared to

Question 3

constants

Answer 3

all factors which are NOT allowed to change during the experiment

Question 4

experimental group

Answer 4

the group being tested with the independent variable

Question 5

repeated trial (validity)

Answer 5

the number of times the experiment is repeated

Question 6

hypothesis

Answer 6

an educated guess

Question 7

salivary glands

Answer 7

produce saliva

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

peristalsis begins

Question 9

stomach

Answer 9

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

walls covered in mucus

Question 10

pancreas

Answer 10

creates trypsin and insulin

Question 11

liver

Answer 11

creates bile

Question 12

gall bladder

Answer 12

stores bile

Question 13

small intestine

Answer 13

main site of nutrient absorbtion

Question 14

large intestine

Answer 14

water and salts are absorbed

Question 15

rectum

Answer 15

stores waste
(last 4-6" of large intestine)

Question 16

anus

Answer 16

exit for waste

Question 17

peristalsis

Answer 17

the squeezing of food down esophagus

Question 18

amylase

Answer 18

an enzyme that breaks down carbs

in saliva

Question 19

pepsin

Answer 19

enzyme that breaks down proteins

Question 20

bile

Answer 20

breaks down fats/lipids

Question 21

trypsin

Answer 21

breaks proteins into amino acids

Question 22

independent variable (IV)

Answer 22

the variable thats changed on purpose by the experimenter

Question 23

mechanical digestion

Answer 23

physical breaking down of food

chewing,churning,squeezing

Question 24

chemical digestion

Answer 24

chemical break down of food

enzymes

Question 25

carbohydrates

Answer 25

broken down by amylase

Question 26

proteins (& amino acids)

Answer 26

broken down by pepsin (then broken down into amino acids by trypsin)

Question 27

insulin

Answer 27

added in by the pancreas

Question 28

catalyst

Answer 28

speeds up reaction of enzymes

Question 29

substrate

Answer 29

the substances that the enzymes act upon

Question 30

active site

Answer 30

the substrate is temporarily bound to its enzyme here

Question 31

products

Answer 31

results of enzyme-substrate complex

Question 32

coenzyme

Answer 32

when a enzyme contain a non-protein component; if this is missing, the enzyme will not function. vitamins act as coenzymes

Question 33

denature

Answer 33

when the enzyme isnt working (on a graph)

Question 34

allosteric site

Answer 34

the place on an enzyme where a molecule, thats not a substrate, may bind

Question 35

competitive inhibitor

Answer 35

blockage of the action of an enzyme on its substrate

Question 36

non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 36

a substance that inhibits the action of an enzyme by binding at a location other than the active site

Question 37

pH

Answer 37

a measure of hydronium ions in a solution. also effects the rate of enzyme activity

Question 38

optimal temperature

Answer 38

where the enzyme functions most effectively. if temperatures above the optimal temperature, the rate of enzyme action will decrease

Question 39

concentration

Answer 39

the larger the concentration, the faster the rate of reaction; there is still an optimal concentration of enzyme