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Anatomy > Semester Exam: histology epithelial tissue > Flashcards

Semester Exam: histology epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

tissues

A

Cells work together in functionally related groups called tissues

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2
Q

types of tissues

A

Epithelial – lining and covering
Connective – support
Muscle – movement
Nervous – control

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3
Q

general characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Forms most glands

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4
Q

Functions of epithelium

A

Protection (resist friction)
Absorption, secretion, and ion transport
Filtration (kidneys)
Forms slippery surfaces (to resist friction, lungs and heart)

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5
Q

Special Characteristics of Epithelia

A 
Cellularity
Specialized contacts
Polarity
Support by connective tissue
Avascular
Innervated
Regeneration
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6
Q

Cellularity

A

cells are in close contact with each other with little or no intercellular space between them

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7
Q

Specialized contacts

A

may have junctions for both attachment and communication

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8
Q

Polarity

A

epithelial tissues always have an apical (toward top/lumen) and basal surface (towards bottom and near connective tissue)

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9
Q

Support by connective tissue

A

held in place or supplied with blood and nutrients

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10
Q

Avascular

A

no blood supply so nutrients must diffuse

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11
Q

Innervated

A

has nerve endings

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12
Q

Regeneration

A

epithelial tissues have a high capacity for regeneration, think of skin

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13
Q

what makes up the basement membrane

A

the basal lamina and the connective tissue contribute to the basement membrane

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14
Q

Lateral Surface Features/ Factors holding epithelial cells together

A 
Adhesion proteins link plasma membranes of adjacent cells
Contours of adjacent cell membranes 
Special cell junctions (Tight Junctions
Adherens Junctions
Desmosomes)
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15
Q

basal lamina

A

Noncellular supporting sheet between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it
Consists of proteins secreted by the epithelial cells

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16
Q

basal lamina function

A

Acts as a selective filter, determining which molecules from capillaries enter the epithelium
Acts as scaffolding along which regenerating epithelial cells can migrate

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17
Q

First name of tissue indicates

A

number of layers
simple-one layer
stratified- more than one layer

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18
Q

Last name of tissue describes

A

shape of of cells

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19
Q

Squamous

A 
cells wider 
than tall (plate or “scale” like)
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20
Q

Cuboidal

A

cells are as wide

as tall, as in cubes

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21
Q

Columnar

A

cells are taller than

they are wide, like columns

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22
Q

naming of epithelial

A

Naming the epithelia includes both the layers (first) and the shape of the cells (second)
may also include accesssory structures

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23
Q

accesssory structures

A

Goblet cells
Cilia
Keratin

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24
Q

Special epithelial tissues (don’t follow naming convention)

A

Psuedostratified- look stacked but not

Transitional- look cuboidal or squamish

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25
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium description

A

single layer of flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei

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26
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium special types

A

Endothelium (inner covering)

Mesothelium (middle covering)

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27
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium function

A

Passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration

Secretes lubricating substances in serosae

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28
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium location

A

Renal corpuscles (kidneys)
Alveoli of lungs (cluster of air sacs)
Lining of heart, blood and lymphatic vessels
Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

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29
Q

Endothelium

A

(inner covering)

slick lining of hollow organs

30
Q

Mesothelium

A

(middle covering)
Lines peritoneal( abdominal), pleural (lungs), and pericardial (heart) cavities
Covers visceral organs of those cavities

31
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium description

A

single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

32
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium function

A

secretion and absorption

33
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium location

A

kidney tubules, secretory
portions of small glands,
ovary & thyroid follicles

34
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium description

A

single layer of column-shaped (rectangular) cells with oval nuclei
Some bear cilia at their apical surface
May contain goblet cells (contains mucin)

35
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium function

A

Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
Ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action

36
Q

Simple Columnar non ciliated Epithelium location

A

Lines digestive tract,
gallbladder, ducts of
some glands

37
Q

Simple Columnar ciliated Epithelium location

A

Lines small bronchi,
uterine tubes (aka:
Fallopian tubes/ oviducts), uterus

38
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium description

A 
All cells originate at basement membrane
Only tall cells reach the apical surface
May contain goblet cells and bear cilia
Nuclei lie at varying heights within cells
Gives false impression of stratification
39
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium function

A

secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia

40
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar non ciliated Epithelium location

A

Ducts of male reproductive tubes

Ducts of large glands

41
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar ciliated Epithelium location

A

Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

42
Q

Stratified Epithelia

A

Contain two or more layers of cells

Regenerate from below

43
Q

Stratified Epithelia main role and how named

A

Major role is protection

Are named according to the shape of cells at apical layer

44
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium description

A

Many layers of cells – squamous in shape
Deeper layers of cells appear cuboidal or columnar
Thickest epithelial tissue – adapted for protection

45
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium specific types

A

Keratinized – contain the protective protein keratin
Surface cells are dead and full of keratin
Non-keratinized – forms moist lining of body openings

46
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium function

A

Protects underlying tissues in

areas subject to abrasion

47
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium location

A

Keratinized – forms epidermis
Non-keratinized – forms lining of
esophagus, mouth, and vagina

48
Q

Transitional Epithelium description

A

Basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar

Superficial cells dome-shaped or squamous

49
Q

Transitional Epithelium function

A

stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder

50
Q

Transitional Epithelium location

A

Lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of urethra

51
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Ducts carry products of exocrine glands to epithelial surface
maybe multicelular or unicellular

52
Q

Glandular Epithelium include following diverse glands

A 
Mucus-secreting glands (uni)
Sweat and oil glands
Salivary glands
Liver and pancreas
Mammary glands
53
Q

exocrine

A

ducted, secret into ducts

54
Q

endocrine

A

ductless, secret right into blood stream

55
Q

Unicellular Exocrine Glands

The Goblet Cell

A

Goblet cells produce mucin
Mucin + water = mucus
Protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces

56
Q

mucin

A

condensed as

“granules” which rapidly expand like shaving cream when excreted

57
Q

Multicellular Exocrine Glands

A

Classified by structure (branching & shape) of duct
Can also be classified by mode or type of secretion
May also be classified by types of secretions from exocrine glands

58
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

secretory vesicles released via exocytosis (saliviary glands)

59
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

apical portion of the cell is lost, cytoplasm + secretory product (mammary glands)

60
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

entire cell is destroyed during secretion (sebaceous gland)

61
Q

Serous

A

mostly water but also contains some enzymes
Ex. parotid glands, pancreas
digestion or lubrication

62
Q

mucous

A

mucus secretions
Ex. sublingual glands, goblet cells
sinuses and trachea

63
Q

mixes of mucous and serous

A

serous & mucus combined

Ex. submandibular gland

64
Q

simple gland

A

one attached to duct

65
Q

branched gland

A

more than one, attached to one duct

66
Q

compound gland

A

more than one unit attached to duct

67
Q

simple alviola gland shape

A

tube with circle

68
Q

simple tubular gland shape

A

tube

69
Q

The three major types of epithelial membranes are

A

serous, mucous, and cutaneous. A fourth is the synovial membrane that lines the joints.

70
Q

serous membrane

A

aids in digestion, lines lungs and heart

71
Q

mucous membrane

A

sinus, trachea, nasal

72
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin

Anatomy (29 decks)

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