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psychology miderm > sensation and perception > Flashcards

sensation and perception Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

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2
Q

afterimage

A

continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus

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3
Q

amplitude

A

height of a wave

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4
Q

binaural cue

A

two-eared cue to localize sound

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5
Q

binocular cue

A

cue that relies on the use of both eyes

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5
Q

basilar membrane

A

thin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the sensory receptors for the auditory system

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6
Q

bottom-up processing

A

system in which perceptions are built from sensory input

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6
Q

binocular disparity

A

slightly different view of the world that each eye recieves

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6
Q

closure

A

organizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts

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7
Q

blind spot

A

point where we cannot respond to visual information in that portion of the visual field

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8
Q

cochlea

A

fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory system

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9
Q

deafness

A

partial or complete inability to hear

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9
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles

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9
Q

cochlear implant

A

electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

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10
Q

congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)

A

genetic disorder that results in the inability to experience pain

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10
Q

cone

A

specialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects color

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11
Q

congenital deafness

A

deafness from birth

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12
Q

cornea

A

transparent covering over the eye

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13
Q

depth perception

A

ability to perceive depth

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13
Q

decibel (dB)

A

logarithmic unit of sound intensity

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14
Q

frequency

A

number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period

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15
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

all the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in our environment

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16
Q

fovea

A

small indentation in the retina that contains cones

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16
Q

figure-ground relationship

A

segmenting our visual world into figure and ground

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17
gestalt psychology
field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts
18
good continuation (continuity)
we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines
19
hertz (Hz)
cycles per second; measure of frequency
19
hair cell
auditory receptor cell of the inner ear
20
inattentional blindness
failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention
21
incus
middle ear ossicle; also known as the anvil
22
inflammatory pain
signal that some type of tissue damage has occured
23
interaural timing difference
small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear
24
interaural level difference
sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head
25
iris
colored portion of the eye
26
just noticeable difference
difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli
27
malleus
middle ear ossicle; also known as the hammer
27
kinesthesia
perception of the body's movement through space
28
linear perspective
perceive depth in an image when two parallel lines seem to converge
28
lens
curved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eye
29
ménière's disease
results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear
29
meissner's corpuscle
touch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations
30
merkel's disk
touch receptor that responds to light touch
31
monocular cue
cue that requires only one eye
31
monaural cue
one-eared cue to localize sound
32
neuropathic pain
pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system
33
nociception
sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain
34
olfactory bulb
bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin
35
olfactory receptor
sensory cell for the olfactory system
35
opponent-process theory of color perception
color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green
36
optic chiasm
x-shaped structure that sits just below the brain's ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brain
37
optic nerve
carries visual information from the retina to the brain
38
pacinian corpuscle
touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations
39
pattern perception
ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes
40
peak (crest)
highest point of a wave
41
perception
way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced
42
perceptual hypothesis
educated guess used to interpret sensory information
42
pheromone
chemical message sent by another individual
43
photoreceptor
light-detecting cell
44
principle of closure
organize perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts
44
pinna
visible part of the ear that protrudes from the hear
45
pupil
small opening in the eye through which light passes
45
proximity
things that are close to one anther tend to be grouped together
45
proprioception
perception of body position
45
place theory of pitch perception
different proportions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequenxies
45
pitch
perception of a sounds frequency
46
retina
light-sensitive lining of the eye
47
rod
specialized photoreceptor that works well in low light conditions
48
ruffini corpuscle
touch receptor that detects stretch
49
sensation
what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor
50
sensory adaptation
not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time
50
sensorineural hearing loss
failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain
51
signal detection theory
change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state
52
similarity
things that are alike tend to be grouped together
53
thermoception
temperature perception
53
stapes
middle ear ossicle, also known as the stirrup
54
taste bud
grouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste bud
54
subliminal message
message presented below the threshold of conscious awareness
55
temporal theory of pitch perception
sound's frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron
56
timbre
sound's purity
57
trichromatic theory of color perception
color vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones
58
trandsuction
conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential
59
top-down processing
interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts
60
trough
lowest point of a wave
61
tympanic membrane
eardrum
62
umami
taste for monosodium glutamate
63
vertigo
spinning sensation
64
vestibular sense
contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture
65
visible spectrum
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see
66

psychology miderm (5 decks)

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