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psychology miderm > states of consciousness > Flashcards

states of consciousness Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

alpha wave

A

type of brain wave characteristic during the early part of NREM stage 1 sleep, which has fairly low amplitude and a frequency of 8-12 Hz

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2
Q

beta wave

A

type of brain wave characteristic during wakefulness, which has a very low amplitude and a frequency of 13-30 Hz

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3
Q

biological rhythm

A

internal cycle of biological activity

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4
Q

cataplexy

A

lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles

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5
Q

central sleep apnea

A

sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing

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6
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours

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7
Q

codeine

A

opiate with relatively low potency often prescribed for minor pain

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8
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors that is sometimes used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia

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9
Q

collective unconscious

A

theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung

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10
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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11
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open

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12
Q

delta wave

A

type of brain wave characteristic during stage 3 NREM sleep, which has a high amplitude and low frequency of less than 3 Hz

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13
Q

depressant

A

drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity

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14
Q

euphoric high

A

feelings of intense elation and pleasure from drug use

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15
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system

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15
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection

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16
Q

hallucinogen

A

one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences, often with vivid hallucinations

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17
Q

hypnosis

A

state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli

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18
Q

insomnia

A

consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month’s time

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19
Q

jet lag

A

collection of symptoms brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment

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20
Q

k-complex

A

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity associated with stage 2 sleep that may occur in response to environmental stimuli

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21
Q

latent content

A

hidden meaning of a dream, per sigmund freud’s view of the function of dreams

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22
Q

lucid dream

A

people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream’s content

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23
Q

manifest content

A

storyline of events that occur during a dream, per sigmund freud’s view of the function of dreams

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24
meditation
clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus
25
melatonin
hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle
26
meta-analysis
study that combines the results of several related studies
27
methadone
synthetic opioid that is less eiphorigenic than heroin and similar drugs; used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
28
methadone clinic
uses methadone to treat withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
29
methamphetamine
type of amphetamine that can be made from pseudoephedrine, an over-the-counter drug; widely manufactured and abused
30
narcolepsy
sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times
31
night terror
sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment
32
non-rem (NREM)
period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement sleep (rem)
33
obstructive sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes when breathing stops during sleep as a result of blockage of the airway
34
opiate/opioid
one of a category of drugs that has a strong analgesic properties; opiates are produced from the resin of the opium poppy; includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine
35
parasomnia
one of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
36
physical dependence
changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use
37
pineal gland
endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin
38
psychological dependence
emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress
39
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the rem sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during rem sleep, especially during disturbing dreams
40
restless leg syndrome
sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
41
rotating shift work
work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis
42
sleep rebound
sleep-deprived individuals will experience shorter sleep latencies during subsequent opportunities for sleep
42
sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
43
sleep
state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness
44
sleep debt
result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
45
sleep regulation
brains control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world
46
sleep spindle
rapid burst of high frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep that may be important for learning and memory
47
sleepwalking (somnambulism)
sleep disorder in which the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors
48
stage 1 sleep
first stage of sleep; transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep; the period during which a person drifts off to sleep
49
stage 2 sleep
second stage of sleep; the body goes into deep relaxation; characterized by the appearance of sleep spindles
50
stage 3 sleep
third stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low-frequency, high amplitude delta waves
51
stimulant
drug that tends to increase overall levels of neural activity; includes caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine
52
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
infant (one year old or younger) with no apparent medical condition suddenly dies during sleep
53
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
area of the hypothalamus in which the body's biological clock is located
54
theta wave
type of brain wave characteristic of the end of stage 1 nrem sleep, which has a moderately low amplitude and a frequency of 4-7 Hz
55
tolerance
state of requiring increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired effect
56
wakefulness
characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior
57
withdrawl
variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued
58
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams

psychology miderm (5 decks)

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