Serum protein electrophoresis Flashcards
(26 cards)
Albumin
Albumin region
a1-antitrypsin
a1-region
a2-macroglobulin, haptoglobulin, ceruloplasmin
a2-region
B-lipoprotein, transferrin, C3
B-region
immunoglobulins
Y-region
transport protein of T3 and 4
decreased in malnutrition
has a half life of 2 days
sensitive NUTRITIONAL marker
prealbumin
synthesized by the liver
half life 21 days
major contributor to oncotic pressure of plasma
important transport protein for many substances
albumin
dehydration can cause
hyperalbuminemia
protease inhibitor that inactivates trpsin activity and protects tissue from enzyme degestion
a-1 antitrypsin
a genetic condition that causes alveolar wall destruction in children, and damage and scarring of liver cells in adults
a1-antitrypsin deficiency
protease inhibitor
increased in nephrotic syndrome due to its large size and not lost into urine
a2-macroglobin
copper carying protein
serum concentrations largely reduced in Wilson’s disease
Ceruloplasmin
major component of complement protein series involved in immune responses
C3 complement
general function in defense against bacteria and foreign substances
increases rapidly within 4-6 hours of infection or injury
increases 30fold from a normal value of
C-reactive protein
a class of proteins whose serum concentrations increase or decrease rapidly in response to inflammation, trauma, or malignancy
Acute phase reactants (APR)
a group of proteins produced by plasma cells that function as antibodies and help fight infecntions
two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains linked by disulphide bonds
immunoglobins
five classes of immunocglobins
G, A, M, D, and E
combines electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation to identify the specific type of M proteins found via protein electrophoresis
immunofixation
albumin, a-1, a-2, decreased and gammaglobulin increased
nephrotic syndrome
a-1 and a-2 bands increased
albumin and transferrin bands decrased
acute phase reaction
a type of lymphoma characteriszed by overproduction of IgM monoclonal protein
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
differences between WM and MM
organomegaly is common in WM
bone and renal diseases are common in MM
a small amount of a paraprotein is detected by protein electrophoresis in patients who do not have the symptoms of MM
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
decreased albumin and elevated a-2 globulin bands
glomerular proteinuria
