Session #1: Normal aging and chronic illness in older adults

Question 1

theories of aging

Answer 1

error theories, programmed theories

Question 2

error theories

Answer 2

Aging results from accumulated cellular damage (e.g., Wear & Tear, Cross-Link, Oxidative Stress

Question 3

programmed theories

Answer 3

Aging is genetically programmed; cells have limited replication (e.g., Neuroendocrine-Immunological Theory).

Question 4

skin integumentary system changes in older adults

Answer 4

-epidermis thins
-increased brusing
-decreased thickness
-decreased collagen
-more wrinkles

Question 5

hair integumentary system changes in older adults

Answer 5

-hair thins
-facial hair in woman
-hair in nose/ear stiffens in men

Question 6

nails integumentary system changes in older adults

Answer 6

thicker, brittle and grow slower

Question 7

nursing care for normal aging of the integumentary system

Answer 7

Avoid drying soaps, apply moisturizers, encourage hydration, sunscreen use, and avoid excessive sun

Question 8

musculoskeletal system changes in older adults

Answer 8

-discs thin causing height loss and kyphosis
-decreased bone mineral density
-risk of osteoporosis

Question 9

what is the leading cause of disability in older adults

Answer 9

arthritis Most specifically Osteoarthritis

Question 10

cardiovascular changes in older adults

Question 11

nuring care for cardiovasuclar changes in older adults

Question 12

respiratory system changes in older adults

Question 13

nursing care for respiratory system in older adults

Question 14

renal and urinary system changes in older adults

Question 15

nursing care for renal and urinary system for older adults

Question 16

endocrine system changes in older adults

Question 17

nursing care for endocrine system of older adults

Question 18

neurologial and sensory changes for older adults

Question 19

nursing care for neurological and sensory system of older adults

Question 20

gasterointestinal chnages in older adults

Question 21

nursing care in Gastrointestinal System of older adults

Question 22

immune system changes in older adults

Question 23

nuring care in Immune System for older adults

Question 24

Drug Therapy in Older Adults

Question 25

Chronic illness

Question 26

Healing Practices

Question 27

Culturally Competent Care

Question 28

Palliative

Question 29

Hospice

Question 30

nursing interventions for end of life and pallative care

Answer 30

Pain relief, respiratory comfort, managing constipation, emotional support.

Question 31

1. Which theory suggests that aging is genetically predetermined at the cellular level? a) Wear and Tear b) Oxidative Stress c) Programmed Aging d) Cross-Link

Answer 31

C. programmes againg

Question 32

2. What is the most common form of arthritis in older adults? a) Rheumatoid Arthritis b) Gout c) Osteoarthritis d) Bursitis

Answer 32

C. osteoarthritis

Question 33

3. Which body system is most affected by kyphosis in older adults? a) Cardiovascular b) Musculoskeletal c) Respiratory d) Endocrine

Answer 33

B) musculoskeletal

Question 34

4. Why is Vitamin B12 deficiency more common in older adults? a) Increased gastric acid production b) Reduced saliva c) Decreased intrinsic factor production d) Increased need for calcium

Answer 34

c) Decreased intrinsic factor production

Question 35

5. What is a major age-related cardiovascular change? a) Increased cardiac output b) Increased vessel elasticity c) Decreased peripheral resistance d) Decreased coronary artery blood flow

Answer 35

d) Decreased coronary artery blood flow

Question 36

Name one reason older adults are at higher risk for drug toxicity

Answer 36

Decreased renal function Decreased liver metabolism Decreased serum albumin Altered fat and water composition

Question 37

7. Which vaccine is important to promote lung health in the older population? a) Hepatitis B b) Tdap c) Pneumococcal d) Shingles

Answer 37

c) Pneumococcal

Question 38

8. What is the term for the diminished effectiveness of the respiratory system in aging? a) Airway collapse b) Decreased alveolar diffusion c) Loss of elastic recoil d) Lung hyperinflation

Answer 38

c) Loss of elastic recoil

Question 39

What hormone declines in aging, contributing to insulin resistance?

Answer 39

Insulin sensitivity decreases Tissues become less responsive to insulin, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Question 40

Give one example of a culturally competent nursing intervention.

Answer 40

Respecting traditional healing practices (e.g., smudging, acupuncture) Using interpreters when needed Asking about health beliefs and preferences Involving family or elders in care planning