session 3 Cardiovascular system in aging

Question 1

Heart age related changes

Question 2

blood vessels age related changes

Question 3

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Question 4

Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 5

Hypertension

Question 6

cardiovascular tests

Question 7

cadiovascular B/P readings

Question 8

cardiovascular medications

Question 9

cardiovascular lifestyle changes

Question 10

age related changes linked with respiratory system

Question 11

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 12

Asthma

Question 13

Pneumonia

Question 14

Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 15

Influenza

Question 16

Lung Cancer

Question 17

Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Disorders

Question 18

1. What age-related cardiac change leads to a slower heart rate in older adults?
   a) Increased blood viscosity
   b) Decreased pacemaker cells in the SA node
   c) Decreased stroke volume
   d) Enlargement of the ventricles

Answer 18

b) Decreased pacemaker cells in the SA node

Question 19

2. Which side of the heart typically fails first in congestive heart failure?
   → Short Answer:

Answer 19

left side of heart

Question 20

3. What symptom is most associated with right-sided heart failure?
   a) Crackles in the lungs
   b) Orthopnea
   c) Peripheral edema and jugular vein distention
   d) Productive cough

Answer 20

c) Peripheral edema and jugular vein

Question 21

4. Which hormone is elevated in heart failure and helps with fluid regulation?
   → Short Answer:

Answer 21

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Question 22

5. Unstable angina is most accurately described as:
   a) Chest pain that resolves with rest
   b) Pain only during sleep
   c) Pain that is severe and unpredictable, not relieved by nitroglycerin
   d) Pain triggered by caffeine intake

Answer 22

c) Pain that is severe and unpredictable, not relieved by nitroglycerin

Question 23

6. What is the most common cause of coronary artery disease?
   → Short Answer:

Answer 23

Atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries)

Question 24

7. Which test best visualizes heart valve abnormalities?
   a) ECG
   b) Echocardiogram
   c) MRI
   d) Chest X-ray

Answer 24

b) Echocardiogram

Question 25

8. What lifestyle change has the greatest effect on reducing systolic blood pressure? a) Reducing salt intake b) Exercise c) Weight loss d) Limiting alcohol

Answer 25

c) Weight loss

Question 26

9. In aging adults, which of the following changes increase the risk of lung infections? a) Increased tidal volume b) Increased lung elasticity c) Decreased ciliary activity d) Increased cough reflex

Answer 26

c) Decreased ciliary activity

Question 27

10. A patient with COPD and chronic bronchitis typically appears as: a) Pink, pursed-lip breathing, minimal sputum b) Cyanotic with chronic cough and sputum c) Flushed with wheezing d) Pale with barrel chest

Answer 27

b) Cyanotic with chronic cough and sputum

Question 28

11. What respiratory disorder is potentially reversible and triggered by allergens or irritants? → Short Answer:

Answer 28

Asthma

Question 29

12. What is the primary complication of COPD? a) Pneumothorax b) Respiratory and heart failure c) Pleurisy d) Asthma

Answer 29

b) Respiratory and heart failure

Question 30

13. Which type of pneumonia results from food or fluid entering the lungs? a) Community-acquired b) Hospital-acquired c) Aspiration d) Ventilator-associated

Answer 30

c) Aspiration

Question 31

14. What is a common atypical sign of pneumonia in older adults? → Short Answer:

Answer 31

Confusion or delirium

Question 32

15. Which diagnostic test confirms active tuberculosis? a) Sputum culture b) Chest X-ray c) Skin test d) Oxygen saturation

Answer 32

a) Sputum culture

Question 33

16. What is the best prevention strategy against seasonal influenza in older adults? → Short Answer:

Answer 33

Annual influenza vaccine

Question 34

17. Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient with shortness of breath, fatigue, and a productive cough? a) Encourage bedrest b) Administer diuretics c) Place in high Fowler’s position and monitor O2 d) Limit fluid intake

Answer 34

c) Place in high Fowler’s position and monitor O2

Question 35

18. Which condition is a medical emergency and must be reported to health authorities? a) Influenza b) Pneumonia c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma

Answer 35

c) Tuberculosis

Question 36

19. What type of lung cancer is most common and grows slowly? a) Small cell b) Squamous cell (NSCLC) c) Large cell d) Sarcoma

Question 37

20. Give two nursing assessments important for respiratory health in the elderly. → Short Answer:

Answer 37

-Auscultate lung sounds -Monitor oxygen saturation (SpO₂) -Assess for cough, sputum production -Evaluate respiratory rate and effort