Session 5-Anterior Thigh And Knee

Question 1

Which muscles make up the quadriceps muscle? (4)

Answer 1

1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus lateralis
3) Vastus medialis
4) Vastus intermedius

Question 2

What are the adductor muscles of the upper limb? (4)

Answer 2

1) Pectineus
2) Adductor Longus
3) Adductor Brevis
4) Gracilis

Question 3

Which mnemonic is used to remember the structures within the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

Nerve (femoral)
Artery (femoral)
Vein (femoral)
Empty space
Lymphatics

Question 4

What makes up the superior border/base of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Inguinal ligament

Question 5

What makes up the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 5

Adductor longus

Question 6

What makes up the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 6

Sartorius

Question 7

Which structures does the femoral canal contain?

Answer 7

Lymphatic vessels
Lymph node
Empty space
Loose connective tissue

Question 8

What is the function of the femoral canal?

Answer 8

Empty space allows distension of adjacent femoral vein so can cope with increased venous return or increased intra-abdominal pressure

Question 9

Which structures does the femoral sheath enclose?

Answer 9

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

Question 10

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

Answer 10

Fascia lata

Question 11

What are the actions of the quadriceps muscles?

Answer 11

Vastus muscles extend the knee joint

Rectus femoris extends the knee joint and flexes the leg at hip joint

Question 12

The distal segment of vastus medialis sends some fibres horizontally to insert onto the patella. What is function of these fibres?

Answer 12

The patella has a tendency to move laterally and these fibres contract and pull the patella back medially

Question 13

What is the main artery of the lower limb?

Answer 13

Femoral artery

Question 14

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

Answer 14

When it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle

Question 15

Complete the sentences:

In the femoral triangle, the __________ femoris artery arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery. It travels ____________ and ____________, giving off three main branches: ________________ branches, lateral femoral _____________ artery and __________ femoral ______________ artery.

Answer 15

Profunda 
Posteriorly 
Dismally 
Perforating 
Circumflex
Medial 
Circumflex

Question 16

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 16

Synovial hinge joint

Question 17

What type of bone is the patella?

Answer 17

Sesamoid

Question 18

What are the two articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 18

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

Question 19

What are menisci of the knee?

Answer 19

Fibrocartilage structures in the knee

Question 20

What are the two main functions of the menisci?

Answer 20

1) deepen articular surface of tibia, increases stability of joint
2) act as shock absorbers

Question 21

Where does the medial meniscus attach?

Answer 21

Intercondylar area of tibia and medial collateral ligament and joint capsule

Question 22

Which four bursae are found in the knee joint?

Answer 22

1) suprapatella bursa
2) prepatella bursa
3) infrapatella bursa
4) semimembranous bursa

Question 23

What are the main ligaments in the knee joint? (5)

Answer 23

1) patellar ligament
2) medial (tibial) collateral ligament
3) lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
4) anterior cruciate ligament
5) posterior cruciate ligament

Question 24

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

Answer 24

Stabilise hinge motion of knee, preventing any medial or lateral movement

Question 25

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Answer 25

Anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur

Question 26

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Answer 26

Posterior dislocation of tibia onto femur

Question 27

What are the four main movements that the knee joint permits?

Answer 27

1) extension 2) flexion 3) lateral rotation 4) medial rotation

Question 28

Which muscle produces extension of the knee joint?

Answer 28

Quadriceps femoris

Question 29

Which muscles produce flexion of the knee joint? (4)

Answer 29

Hamstrings Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus

Question 30

Which muscle produces lateral rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 30

Biceps femoris

Question 31

Which muscles produce medial rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 31

``` Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus ```