Session 7-Common Conditions Of The Foot And Ankle Flashcards
What does valgus mean?
Deviation of distal limb away from midline
What does varus mean?
Deviation of distal limb towards midline
How does hallux valgus present?
Pain over bump
Difficulty with shoes
In which group of the population is hallux valgus most common in and why?
Middle-aged women because they wear high heels and in post-menopausal women, hormones cause ligaments to go lax
What is hallux rigidus?
Osteoarthritis of the 1st MTPJ
How does hallux rigidus present?
Pain in MTPJ
Lump over joint
What are the x ray signs of arthritis?
- loss of joint space
- osteophytes
- cysts
- subchondral sclerosis
What is the largest and most frequently injured tendon in the body?
Achilles tendon
What is the Thompson’s test?
Patient kneels on chair and calf is squeezed. If foot moves, there is continuity in the tendon; if not, Achilles’ tendon is ruptured
What causes flatfoot?
Loss of medial longitudinal arch
Where is pain felt in flatfoot?
Behind medial malleolus
True or false: diabetes causes loss of protective sensation in the foot
TRUE
What can desensitisation caused by diabetes lead to?
Severe infections
What does the loss of pain sensation lead to?
Destruction of joints (Charcot arthropathy) - loss of proprioception
Describe the pathology of Charcot arthropathy
- loss of bone stock
- soft bone due to inflammation
- lack of pain as a reminder
