Session 7 - The Nose

Question 1

What two main parts is the nose divided into?

Answer 1

External and internal

Question 2

What are the two main tissues which make up the external nose?

Answer 2

Bony and cartaliginous parts

Question 3

What are the three main bony parts of the nose?

Answer 3

 Nasal Bones
 Maxillae frontal processes
 Frontal Bone (nasal part and nasal spine)

Question 4

What are the three main cartilages of the nose?

Answer 4

 2 Lateral cartilages
 2 Alar cartilages
 1 Septal cartilage

Question 5

What is anterior portion of the nasal septum made up of?

Answer 5

Cartilage

Question 6

What is the middle portin of the nasal septum made up from?

Answer 6

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 7

What is the posterior portion of the nasal septum made up of?

Answer 7

The vomer

Question 8

What separates the nasal and oral cavities?

Answer 8

The hard palate, made up of the palatine and maxillary bones

Question 9

Give a complication of nasal fracture

Answer 9

Septal haematoma

Question 10

What are the main dividing part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

The nasal conchae

Question 11

How many passages do the nasal conchae create in the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

5 passages

Question 12

What are the three conchae of the nose?

Answer 12

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Question 13

What is the inferior conchae formed by?

Answer 13

The inferior concha bone

Question 14

What are the middle and superior conchae derived from?

Answer 14

The medial processes of the ethmoid bone

Question 15

What lies beneath each conchae?

Answer 15

A nasal meatus

Question 16

What is the recess which lies superoposterior to the sphenoidal conchae

Answer 16

The sphenoethmoidal recess receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus

Question 17

Where does olfaction take place in the nose?

Answer 17

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Lining epithelium of mucus membrane modified for olfaction

Question 18

Outline the journey of axonal processes of olfaction to the brain

Answer 18

o Axonal processes of the olfactory cell pass through the cribriform plate and penetrate the meninges before entering the olfactory bulb

Question 19

Give four main openings of the nasal cavity

Answer 19

Cribiform plate
Sphenopalatine forament
Incisive foramen
Foramen cecum

Question 20

What runs through cribiform plate?

Answer 20

Olfactory nerve

Question 21

What does fracture of the cribiform plate cause?

Answer 21

CSF leakage and anosmia

Question 22

Where is the main blood supply to the nasal cavity?

Answer 22

o Branches of the Opthalmic Artery
 Branch of the Internal Carotid Artery
o Branches of the Maxillary and Facial Arteries
 Branches of the External Carotid Artery

Question 23

What is the area of the nose with the densest block of capillaries called?

Answer 23

Kiesselbach’s area

Question 24

Where do nose bleeds most often occur?

Answer 24

Kiesselbach’s area

Question 25

What are twodifferent places nose bleeds can occur, and what are the percentage chance of it happening in each place?

Answer 25

Anterior bleed - 90% | Posterior bleed - 10%

Question 26

What artery is responsible for posterior bleeds?

Answer 26

Sphenopalatine artery

Question 27

Where do the veins of the nasal cavity drain into?

Answer 27

Cavernous sinus Facial vein Pteryoid plexus

Question 28

What provides special sensory smell in the nose?

Answer 28

Olfactory nerve

Question 29

What provides general sensation to the posteroinferior nasal mucosa?

Answer 29

 Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2) |  Nasopalatine Nerve

Question 30

What provides general sensation to anterosuperior nasal mucosa

Answer 30

 Opthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V1) |  Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Nerves

Question 31

What provides general sensation to the external nose?

Answer 31

 External Nasal Nose (CN V1) |  Infraorbital Nerve (CN V2)

Question 32

What is the epithelium of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 32

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells

Question 33

What is the epithelium of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 33

Olfactory cells with olfactory receptors

Question 34

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 34

air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into cranial bones

Question 35

What are the names of the four paranasal sinuses?

Answer 35

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxilla

Question 36

Where are the frontal sinuses found?

Answer 36

between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone, posterior to the superciliary arches and the root of the nose

Question 37

When are the frontal sinuses usually detectable?

Answer 37

By age of 7 years in children

Question 38

Where do the frontal sinuses drain?

Answer 38

They each drain through a Frontonasal Duct into the ethmoidal infundibulum, which opens into the semilunar hiatus of the Middle Nasal Recess.

Question 39

What are the ethmodal sinuses?

Answer 39

Small invaginations of the mucous membrane of the middle and superior nasal recesses into the Ethmoid bone

Question 40

What are the three ethomoidal sinuses?

Answer 40

Anterior ethmoidal cells Middle ethmoidal cells Posterior ethmoidal cells

Question 41

Where do anterior ethmoidal cells drain?

Answer 41

Ethmoidal infundibulum -> Middle nasal recess

Question 42

Where do the middle ethmoidal cells open into?

Answer 42

Middle nasal recess directly

Question 43

Where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open?

Answer 43

Directly intot he superior nasal recess

Question 44

Where are the sphenoidal sinuses located?

Answer 44

Body and wings of the sphenoid

Question 45

What is the clinical significance of the location of hte sphenoidal sinus?

Answer 45

Body is fragile and only thin plates of bone separate the sinuses from important structures (optic nerves and chiasm, pituitary and internal carotid arteries)

Question 46

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain?

Answer 46

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 47

Where are the maxillary sinuses found?

Answer 47

Bodies of the maxillae

Question 48

Where do the maxillary sinuses drain?

Answer 48

The Maxillary Sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses. They occupy the bodies of the Maxillae. They drain by one or more openings, the Maxillary Ostium (ostia), into the middle nasal recess by way of the semilunar hiatus.