Session 4 - Autonomic innervation of the head and neck Flashcards Preview

Semester 4 - Head and Neck > Session 4 - Autonomic innervation of the head and neck > Flashcards

Flashcards in Session 4 - Autonomic innervation of the head and neck Deck (40)
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1
Q

What supplies sympathetic innervation to the head and neck?

A

The sympathetic trunk

2
Q

Where can the sympathetic trunk be found?

A

o Anterolateral to the vertebral column
o Lying on the prevertebral fascia and muscles
o Deep to the carotid sheath.

3
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibres arise

A

In the first thoracic neural segment

4
Q

Where do pre-ganglionic neural segments synapse?

A

In one of the three cervical sympathetic ganglia (Superior, middle or inferior)

5
Q

In what form do the post ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres travel after synapsing?

A

As the internal and external carotid nerves

6
Q

What do the post-ganglionic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion travel with?

A

THe internal and external carotid arteries

7
Q

Where does the sympathetic superior cervical ganglion innervate?

A

o The Pharyngeal Plexus
o The Upper 4 Cervical Nerves
o Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

8
Q

What do the post-ganglionic fibres of the middle cervical ganglion travel with?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

9
Q

Where does the middle cervical ganglion travel to?

A

5th and 6th cervical nerves

Cardiac branch ofthe cardiac plexus

10
Q

What does the inferior cervical ganglion travel with? What does it combine with later on?

A

Vertebral artery

1st thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion

11
Q

Where does the inferior cervical ganglion innervate?

A

7th and 8th Cranial nerves

Cardiac branch to the cardiac pexus

12
Q

What are the four parts of parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

A

Ciliary ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Submandibular ganglion
Otic ganglion

13
Q

What are the four cranial nerves with brainstem nuclei?

A

 Oculomotor (CN III)
 Facial (CN VII)
 Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
 Vagus (CN X)

14
Q

What three crainial nerves reach a parasympathetic ganglion, and give their identities

A

 Oculomotor  Ciliary Ganglion
 Facial  Pterygopalatine / Submandibular Ganglion
 Glossopharyngeal  Otic Ganglion

15
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibres synapse?

A

Either in four ganglia or in the walls of the organs they supply in the neck, thorax and abdomen

16
Q

Where does the ciliary ganglion lie?

A

In the orbital cavity, next to the optic nerve

17
Q

What are the parasympathetic neve fibres of the ciliary ganglion derived from?

A

Oculomotor nerve
Sphincter papillae
Ciliary muscles

18
Q

Where do sympathetic nerve fibres of the ciliary ganglion come from?

A

The plexus of the opthalmic artery (first branch of the internal carotid artery) which is distributed to the eyeball
Sensory fibres from the eyeball pass to the nasociliary nerve

19
Q

Where do the pterygopalantine ganglion lie?

A

In the pterygopalantine fossa

20
Q

Where are the parasympathetic fibres of the pterygopalantine ganglion derived from?

A

Facial nerve via the greater pterosal nerve

21
Q

What does the greater pterosal nerve, derived from the ptergopalantine ganglion, innervate

A

Lacrimal glands

Glands of the nose, palate and nasopharynx

22
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres of the pterygopalantine ganglion come from?

A

THe superior cervical ganglion via the plexus on the internal carotid artery

23
Q

Where are the sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion distributed to?

A

Nose, palate and nasopharynx

24
Q

Where is the submandibular ganglion found?

A

Suspended from the lingual nerve by small branches

25
Q

Where are parasympathetic fibres of the submandibular ganglion derived from?

A

Facial nerve via the chorda tympani and then the lingual nerve

26
Q

What do the parasympathetic branches of the submandibular ganglion innervate?

A

 Submandibular Gland
 Sublingual Gland
 Other glands on the floor of the oral cavity

27
Q

Where do sympatehetic fibres of the submandibular cervical ganglion spring from and along?

A

Along the facial artery

Taste fibres may also pass through ganglion

28
Q

Where do parasympathetic fibres of the otic ganglion come from?

A

Glossopharngeal nerve via the auriculotemporal nerve, branch into the parotid gland

29
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres of the otic ganglion come from?

A

Sympathetic fibres come from the superior cervical ganglion

30
Q

What route do the sympathetic fibres of the otic ganglion follow

A

Along the middle meningeal artery, passing into the parotid gland

31
Q

Outline some direct autonomic supply of the head and neck

A
o	Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
	(Direct or via Pharyngeal plexus)
	Glands of the oropharynx
	Posterior Third of the Tongue
o	Vagus Nerve (CN X)
	Glands of the laryngopharynx, larynx, oesophagus and trachea
	Ganglion cells are on the viscus
32
Q

Give nucleus, organs innervated and action for following nerves
III

A

Edinger-Westphal Eye. Pupil, Ciliary Pupillary constriction

33
Q

Give nucleus, organs innervated and action for following nerves
VII

A

Superior Salivatory Nasal, Lactrimal, Submandibular and Sublingual Glands Serous Secretions

34
Q

Give nucleus, organs innervated and action for following nerves
IX

A

Inferior Salivatory Parotid Serous Secretions

35
Q

Give nucleus, organs innervated and action for following nerves
X

A

Dorsal Vagal Motor Nucleus Wide distribution Laryngeal function
(I.e. Neck only)

36
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Interruption of a cervical sympathetic trunk results in Horner’s Syndrome. It is manifested by the Absence of Sympathetically Stimulated functions on the Ipsilateral side of the head.

37
Q

What is miosis?

A

 Constriction of the pupil

 Parasympathetically stimulated Sphincter Papillae of the pupil is unopposed

38
Q

What is ptosis?

A

 Drooping of superior eyelid
 Paralysis of smooth muscle fibres interdigitated with the aponeurosis of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris that collectively constitute the Superior Tarsal muscle (innervated by Sympathetic fibres)

39
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

 Redness and increased temperature of the skin

 Loss of sympathetic tone

40
Q

What is anhydrosis?

A

 Absence of sweating