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veterinary science 2.1 > sharps and injections > Flashcards

sharps and injections Flashcards

1
Q

what does “PO-Per os” stand for?

A

by mouth (into the mouth)

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2
Q

what does ID stand for?

A

intradermal (into the dermal layer of the skin)

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3
Q

what does IN stand for?

A

intranasal (up the nose)

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4
Q

what does SC/SQ stand for?

A

subcutaneous (into the space/connective tissue below the skin, but above the muscle)

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5
Q

what does IV stand for?

A

intravenous (into the vein)

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6
Q

what does IM stand for?

A

intramuscular (into the muscle)

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7
Q

what is the very tip/slanted end of the needle called?

A

the bevel

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8
Q

do you inject bevel up or bevel down?

A

bevel up

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9
Q

the higher the gauge, the bigger or smaller the hole?

A

smaller - the higher the gauge, the smaller the hole

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10
Q

what’s bigger - a 30 gauge needle or a 18 gauge needle?

A

18

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11
Q

true or false - 1ml = 1cc?

A

true

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12
Q

When a blood sample is required from a dog, the most common sites to collect this from include… (hint, 3)

A
  • external jugular (best for large volumes)
  • cephalic vein
  • saphenous vein (lateral, best for small volumes)
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13
Q

the saphenous vein is used in both dogs and cats, but one medial and one lateral…. which is which?

A

dogs - lateral saphenous
cats - medial saphenous

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14
Q

For canine cephalic and jugular sampling, a ______ g needle is commonly used?

A

20-22 g

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15
Q

First attempts at venipuncture should be made distally or proximally?

A

distally, to allow for movement proximally up the vein if the vein is blown from an attempt

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16
Q

intramuscular injections are most commonly performed in small animals to….

A

administer drugs such as sedation or sedation reversal?

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17
Q

what sites are available for small animal IM injections? (hint, 4)

A
  • lumbodorsal (common)
  • triceps
  • quadriceps (common)
  • semi membranous/tendinous
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18
Q

what gauge needle is most commonly used for small animal IM injections?

A

22g (1 inch)

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19
Q

what is the maximum volume that can be injected IM in a dog?

A

3-5ml

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20
Q

maximum volume that can be injected IM in a cat?

A

3ml

21
Q

important IM step to make sure you’re not in a vein/artery?

A

Draw back to ensure no blood enters the hub. If blood is present-re-direct needle and repeat draw back, then press plunger to inject medication

22
Q

landmarks for lumbodorsal (IM) injections?

A

Select a site between the 13th rib and the iliac crest. Palpate the dorsal spinous processes and insert the needle 2-3cm off midline, perpendicular to the skin at that site.

23
Q

when thigh muscles (quadriceps cranially, semi membranous/semi tendinous caudally) are used for injection, it is essential to avoid accidentally hitting what?

A

the sciatic nerves (run directly between the two)

24
Q

what are subcutaneous injections used for?

A

to administer vaccines or subcutaneous fluids, also microchips

25
Q

most common site for subcutaneous injections?

A

dorsal neck region

26
Q

appropriate needle size for subcutaneous injections?

A

20-25g, depending on patient

27
Q

how to give a tricep injection?

A

The muscle belly should be stabilised using the non-dominant hand with the thumb on the humerous while the needle is inserted caudal to the humerus and directed caudally.

28
Q

how to give a semi membranous/semi tendinous injection?

A

the thumb of the non-injecting hand should be placed into the groove just caudal to the femur. The needle should be inserted caudal to the femur and directed caudally, so that there is no risk of accidentally damaging the sciatic nerve if the animal jumps suddenly.

29
Q

how to give an injection in the quadriceps?

A

The thumb of the non-dominant hand should be placed on the lateral femur, and the needle should be inserted cranial to the femur, directed cranially. This helps avoid accidental damage to the sciatic nerve should the animal move suddenly.

30
Q

step for subcutaneous injections to check you’re not in a vein/artery?

A

draw back on the plunger to ensure no blood (or air) is obtained

31
Q

do you release the skin fold for subQ injections before or after injecting medication?

A

release skin fold before

32
Q

with subQ injections, significant pressure when pressing the plunger to administer medication suggests what?

A

the needle may be intradermal, not in the subcutaneous space

33
Q

most equine injections, and antibiotics, are administered….

A

intramuscularly

34
Q

The most common sites for administration of intramuscular injections in horses are? (hint, 4)

A
  • caudal neck (main)
  • gluteal muscle (rump)
  • pectoral muscle
  • semi-membranous/semi-tendinous muscle
35
Q

landmarks for IM injection on caudal neck?

A

a triangle, formed by:
- nuchal ligament (and fat crest) dorsally
- cervical spine ventrally
- scapula/shoulder caudally
*similar landmarks used for cows

36
Q

When performing an IM injection in the horse, it is generally recommended to….

A

place the needle (separate from the syringe) first. This allows for the horse to move before you connect the syringe. Once connected, pulling back on the plunger (drawing back) is essential to confirm you do not see blood in the hub of the needle.

37
Q

I.M injections in the horse are generally performed with a 1.5 inch, ______ g needle?

A

18-20 g needle

38
Q

maximum volume that can be injected IM in one site on a horse?

A

20ml - if you need to inject more, redirect the needle into another part of the muscle (ideally without exiting the skin)

39
Q

horses - Penicillin is very thick to inject, so an ____g needle is usually used?

A

18 g

40
Q

what is venipuncture on a horse normally used for?

A

intravenous blood sampling, and injection of medication eg sedation

41
Q

most commonly used location for venipuncture on a horse?

A

external jugular (cephalic if jugular not available, or extremely rarely lateral thoracic)

42
Q

administering IV medication horse - Occlude the vein again. Draw back on the plunger to ensure a flash of blood appears in the hub/syringe. Once flash of blood is confirmed, inject medication. You should ________ every few mLs and at the end?

A

draw back - to ensure you remain in the lumen of the vein

43
Q

horses - should you insert the needle connected or disconnected for administering medication?

A

disconnected!!!

44
Q

Venipuncture in the horse is most commonly performed on the right or left?

A

on the left

45
Q

horse external jugular - when administering medication, you need to be particularly sure you have placed the needle into the vein and not the artery-some medication can cause a nasty reaction/death if injected intra-carotid by accident. methods for confirming needle is in the right place?

A

place the needle disconnected, and stop occluding the vein - if the flow of blood slows down/stops, you’re in the jugular, if it stays the same pressure you’re in the carotid (bad).
- injecting in upper third of the neck, more distance between the two

46
Q

what needle size is most appropriate for blood sample collection in an adult horse?

A

20g

47
Q

When using a vacutainer and sleeve to collect blood how far can you insert the vacutainer before entering the patient - The 1. vacutainer can be pushed all the way onto the needle
2. The vacutainer can be pushed to the line on the vacutainer
3. The vacutainer should not be pushed onto the needle at all

A
  1. the vacutainer can be pushed to the line on the vacutainer
48
Q

When administering intravenous medication to a horse, the correct site to use is:
1. The saphenous vein
2. The facial artery
3. The distal (lower) 3rd of the jugular vein
4. The proximal (upper) 3rd of the jugular vein

A
  1. the proximal (upper) third of the jugular vein
49
Q

When administering intramuscular medication, you should always draw back before injecting for what reason?
1. It ensures you have the needle in a blood vessel so you can administer the medication into the vessel
2. It ensures a small piece of muscle is seen in the needle hub
3. It ensures that NO blood is seen in the needle hub to be sure you will not inject into a blood vessel
4. It helps make space in the muscle for the medication

A
  1. It ensures that NO blood is seen in the needle hub to be sure you will not inject into a blood vessel

veterinary science 2.1 (19 decks)

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