Shoe Fitter Terminology

Question 1

Dorsiflexion

Answer 1

Upward movement toward ankle in sagittal plane
normal ROM 10-20%
10% req’d for normal gait

Question 2

Plantarflexion

Answer 2

Downward foot movement of ankle in sagittal plane
normal ROM 40-70%
40% req’d for normal gait

Question 3

Inversion

Answer 3

Elevation of inner border of foot in frontal plane
normal ROM 20%
4-6% req’d for normal gait

Question 4

Eversion

Answer 4

Elevation of outer border of foot in frontal plane
normal ROM 10%
4-6% req’d for normal gait

Question 5

Varus

Answer 5

Deformity of a bone/bones of leg or whole foot (inverted) while in anatomical position.

Question 6

Pronation

Answer 6

Triplane motion
- dorsiflexion in sagittal plane
- eversion in frontal plane
- abduction in transverse plane

Question 7

Valgus

Answer 7

Deformity of bone/bones of leg/foot (everted) while in anatomical position

Question 8

Supination

Answer 8

Triplane motion
- plantarflexion in sagittal plane
- inversion in frontal plane
- adduction in transverse plane

Question 9

Pes Rectus

Answer 9

Normal Arch

Question 10

Pes Cavus

Answer 10

High arch, weight distributed to lateral side

Question 11

Pes Planus

Answer 11

Flat foot

Question 12

Crepitus

Answer 12

crackling, crinkly or grating sound under skin or in joints (badly damaged from arthritis)

Question 13

Lift

Answer 13

Provide elevation to heel

Question 14

Breakpoint

Answer 14

under metatarsal heads when forefoot is flexed

Question 15

Ball Girth

Answer 15

Circumferential measurement encompassing 1st-5th metatarsal area

Question 16

Balmoral

Answer 16

Front-laced shoe in which meeting of the quarters/vamp is stitched or continuous at the throat.

Question 17

Blucher

Answer 17

Front-laced style shoe, quarters are not attached at the throat of the shoe.

Question 18

Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT)

Answer 18

Neurological disorder affecting the nerves that control the muscles, degeneration of nerves in the extremities that cause loss of normal use of hands and feet or arms and legs. Pes cavus high arch with hammer toes, foot drop, frequent ankle sprains.

Question 19

Closed Kinetic Chain

Answer 19

Weight bearing stance phase of gait cycle.

Question 20

Combination Last

Answer 20

Last that deviates from standard proportions - heel is 2-3 widths narrower than the ball in exact proportions.

Question 21

Custom Made Shoe

Answer 21

Individually patterned & made over a positive model of the individual’s foot
Can be therapeutic or standard.

Question 22

Custom-molded foot orthosis

Answer 22

Any device molded to a positive model of a patient’s foot.

Question 23

Depth Shoe

Answer 23

full length heel to toe inlay. must provide 3/16” of additional internal depth when the inlay is removed.

Question 24

Drop-Foot / steppage gait

Answer 24

Foot hangs down with toes pointed down, toes scrape

Question 25

Equinus

Answer 25

Fixed plantarflexion at the ankle.

Question 26

Functional Foot Orthosis

Answer 26

Device designed to control an individual's lower-extremity biomechanical function by providing support and stability.

Question 27

Goodyear Welt

Answer 27

Shoe making process in which narrow strip of leather/other material is stitched into place to join the shoe upper and the inner and outer sole.

Question 28

Goring

Answer 28

Elastic fabric inserted in the front/side of an upper so the opening expands to accommodate the foot.

Question 29

Hallux Rigidus

Answer 29

Stiffness or rigidity of great toe

Question 30

Hallux Valgus

Answer 30

lateral deviation of great toe/ 1st ray

Question 31

Heel Breasts

Answer 31

Anterior margin of the heel

Question 32

Heel Counter

Answer 32

Most posterior portion of upper, surrounds the heel of the shoe/grips the back of the heel bone.

Question 33

Heel Height

Answer 33

Vertical measurement from plantar surface of the heel seat or center at anterior or center surface of the heel.

Question 34

Heel Pitch

Answer 34

Vertical slant at posterior aspect of the heel

Question 35

Heel Seat

Answer 35

Area of shoe where calcaneus rests

Question 36

Hyperhydrosis

Answer 36

Excessive perspiration

Question 37

Inflare

Answer 37

Foot, last or shoe whose forefoot is shaped to have inverted or flared-in look.

Question 38

Inlay

Answer 38

Prefab removable material which foot lays directly on

Question 39

Insole

Answer 39

Material conforming to the size/shape of the last bottom upon which foot rests.

Question 40

Insert

Answer 40

Total contact, removable, molded to patient's foot, etc.

Question 41

Instep

Answer 41

Top center of foot in front of ankle & behind the waist & ball of foot.

Question 42

Iron

Answer 42

Measure of thickness of leather, commonly used for soles. 1 iron = 1/48 of an inch (six iron = 1/8")

Question 43

Lace-to-Toe

Answer 43

Lower high quarter shoe laced to the toe providing maximum opening for the foot using post-op to prevent trauma while donning footwear.

Question 44

Last

Answer 44

Model approximating the shape/size of the foot (over which the shoe is made) Usually wood, plastic or plaster

Question 45

Last - straight

Answer 45

Best for flat feet

Question 46

Last - semi-curved

Answer 46

Normal arches

Question 47

Last - curved

Answer 47

Best for high arch

Question 48

Midsole

Answer 48

between inner and outer sole

Question 49

Negative Heel

Answer 49

plantar heel is equal or lower than the ball of the foot.

Question 50

Open Kinetic Chain

Answer 50

Non-weight bearing, swing phase of gait.

Question 51

Os Calcis

Answer 51

Calcaneus

Question 52

Outflare

Answer 52

Refers to foot, last, shoe where forefoot is shaped to have an everted or flare-out look

Question 53

Outsole

Answer 53

Integral component of the shoe that makes contact with the ground.

Question 54

Proprioception

Answer 54

"Position sense" Mental registration of a sensory stimulus mediated by sensory nerve endings that five information concerning movement & position of the body

Question 55

Rubor

Answer 55

redness

Question 56

Scaphoid

Answer 56

navicular

Question 57

Shank

Answer 57

Firm, stiff, inflexible area of the shoe between the heel breast/ball that supports the plantar fascia

Question 58

Shear

Answer 58

Pressure and friction combined

Question 59

Splayfoot

Answer 59

Flat and extremely everted foot

Question 60

Subluxation

Answer 60

Incomplete or partial dislocation

Question 61

Subtalar

Answer 61

below the talus

Question 62

Soleus

Answer 62

long narrow groove or furrow on the plantar surface of the foot, proximal to phalanges

Question 63

Thomas heel

Answer 63

Add hindfoot or midfoot support medially