Skeletal System

Question 1

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 1

206 bones

Question 2

Axial Skeleton

Answer 2

Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral Column (80 bones total)

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

Upper and Lower limbs, pelvic girdle, pectoral (shoulder) girdle (126 bones total)

Question 4

Mandible

Answer 4

Movable jawbone. Only movable joint in the skull. Articulates with temporal bone

Question 5

Cranium

Answer 5

Superior portion of the skull. Protects the brain from damage

Question 6

Facial bones

Answer 6

Inferior/Anterior portion of the skull. Supports the structure of the eyes, nose and mouth

Question 7

Cervical Spine

Answer 7

Bones of the neck. 7 Cervical vertebrae, named C1-C7

Question 8

Thoracic Spine

Answer 8

12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

Question 9

Lumbar Spine

Answer 9

Lower back. 5 Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

Question 10

Sacrum

Answer 10

1 vertebrae

Question 11

Coccyx

Answer 11

Tailbone, 1 vertebrae

Question 12

Sternum

Answer 12

Breastbone, thin, knife-shaped bone. Located along the midline of anterior side. Connected to the ribs via costal cartilage

Question 13

Ribcage

Answer 13

12 pairs of ribs + the sternum.

Question 14

True ribs

Answer 14

First 7 ribs. Attach the vertebrae directly to the sternum through a band of costal cartilage

Question 15

False ribs

Answer 15

Ribs 8, 9, and 10. Connect to sternum through cartilage of the 7th rib.

Question 16

Floating ribs

Answer 16

Ribs 11 & 12. No cartilage attachment to the sternum

Question 17

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 17

L & R scapulae and L & R clavicles. Connects the upper arm bones to the axial skeleton

Question 18

Humerus

Answer 18

Bone of the upper arm. Forms ball and socket joint with the scapula.

Question 19

Radius & Ulna

Answer 19

Bones of the forearm.
Radius: allows forearm/hand to turn over the wrist joint
Ulna: medial side, hinge joint with the humerus at the elbow

Question 20

Carpals

Answer 20

Bones of the wrist (8 small bones)
Connects to the 5 metacarpal bones of the hand.

Question 21

Bones of the finger

Answer 21

Each finger has 3 phalanges.
Distal, Intermediate/middle, and proximal.
Thumb has 2 phalanges

Question 22

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 22

L & R hip bones
Connects lower limbs/legs to the axial skeleton.

Question 23

Femur

Answer 23

Largest bone in the body.
Only bone in thigh/femoral region.
Forms the knee joint with the patella and tibia.

Question 24

Patella

Answer 24

Kneecap
Not present at birth
Formed in early childhood for crawling and walking

Question 25

Tibia

Answer 25

Bears most of the body's weight. Larger than the fibula Bone in the lower leg

Question 26

Fibula

Answer 26

Mainly a muscle attachment. Used to help maintain balance

Question 27

Tibia & Fibula

Answer 27

Form ankle joint with the talus bone Bones of the lower leg

Question 28

Tarsals

Answer 28

7 small bones Forms the posterior end of foot and heel. Forms joint with 5 metatarsal bones

Question 29

Metatarsals

Answer 29

Each form joint with the set of phalanges Each toes = 3 phalanges Big/Great toe = 2 phalanges

Question 30

Types of Bones

Answer 30

Short Long Flat Irregular Sesamoid

Question 31

Characteristics of Short Bones

Answer 31

About as long as they are wide Often cube/rounded in shape Ex: Carpal & Tarsal bones

Question 32

Characteristics of Long Bones

Answer 32

Longer than they are wide Major bones of the body Epiphysis, Metaphysis, diaphysis

Question 33

Characteristics of Flat Bones

Answer 33

Vary greatly in size/shape Often very thin in one direction

Question 34

Characteristics of Irregular Bones

Answer 34

Do not fit the pattern or characteristics of other types of bones

Question 35

Characteristics of Sesamoid Bones

Answer 35

Formed after birth inside tendons that run across joints Protects tendons from stress/strains @ the join to give a mechanical advantage to muscles pulling tendons

Question 36

Joint (define)

Answer 36

Point of contact between bones or bones/cartilage.

Question 37

Synovial Joints

Answer 37

Most common type of articulation. Small gap between bones filled with synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

Question 38

Types of Synovial Joints

Answer 38

4 Types Hinge Gliding Saddle Ball & Socket

Question 39

Hinge Joint

Answer 39

Open/Close like a hinged door Ex: Knee & Elbow

Question 40

Gliding Joint

Answer 40

Between the surface of 2 flat bones held together by ligaments Ex: some of wrist/ankle joints

Question 41

Saddle Joint

Answer 41

Rock back/forth and side/side with limited rotation Ex: only in thumb joint

Question 42

Ball & Socket Joint

Answer 42

Allow for movement in many directions. Ex: Shoulder / Hip

Question 43

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 43

Where bones meet cartilage or where there is cartilage between joints.

Question 44

Epiphysis

Answer 44

End of a long bone

Question 45

Diaphysis

Answer 45

Middle of a long bone

Question 46

Metaphysis

Answer 46

Region of growth/fusion between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 47

Articular Cartilage

Answer 47

Shock absorber and gliding surface between bones to facilitate movement

Question 48

Periosteum

Answer 48

- Thin layer of dense connective tissue covering the outside of a bone. - Contains many strong collagen fibers that are used to anchor tendons and muscles to the bone for movement. - Stem cells/osteoblasts are involved in growth & repair. - Blood vessels provide energy to cells on the surface of bone and penetrate bone to nourish inside. - Contains nervous tissue/nerve endings for bone sensitivity.

Question 49

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 49

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Question 50

Characteristics of Smooth Muscle

Answer 50

Non striated. Involuntary control. Located in walls of internal structures (blood vessels, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder)

Question 51

Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle

Answer 51

Forms the walls of the heart. Striated. Contraction is involuntary.

Question 52

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle

Answer 52

Attached to bones. Striated (alternating light/dark bands/striations that run perpendicular to eh long axes of the fibers) Voluntary/Conscious control (made to contract/relax)

Question 53

Tendons

Answer 53

Tough bands of fibrous connective tissue. Connects muscle to bone. Made of collagen. Can withstand tension.

Question 54

Ligaments

Answer 54

Fibrous bands/sheets of connective tissue. Connects 2+ bones, cartilages or structures. Excessive movement is restricted by ligaments.