Short Term Effects Of Excercise

Question 1

How does short term effects of exercise affect vascular shunt?

Answer 1

Arteries carry blood away from the heart via the aorta
Arteries carry blood under high pressure (pushed from arteries under great force)
As, exercise intensity increases, blood flow is restricted via vasoconstriction and vasodilationthe is blood is redirected to where it is needed most.
During exercise vasodilate arteries to working muscles + skin vaso constrict arteries to digestive
system’ kidneys t liver.

Question 2

What are the short term effects of exercise on the conduction system of the heart?

Answer 2

Senatorial node (SA) generates an impulse =atriole systole
The impulse reaches atrioventricular node + holds for approximately 0.1-0.2 seconds
The impulse is sent down bundle of his reaching the purkinje fibres= ventricular systolethe heart then contracts automatically

Question 3

What are the short term effects on the cardiac cycle?

Answer 3

Diastole -heart relaxes, chambers open + fill with blood
The atria fill with blood + pressure builds within the chambers
Systole - heart contract t blood forced into ventricles ventricular systole - blood is now in ventricles, ventricles contract sending blood to lungs t around the body

Question 4

What is vasodilation?

Answer 4

Lumen widens-blood flow and oxygen delivery increase to working muscles
blood vessels near to skin dilate open) to allow heat to escape, to cool the body and regulate temperature.

Question 5

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 5

Cumin narrows/contract, blood flow and oxygen delivery decreases. Blood is redistributed away from where it is not needed during exercise, ie digestive system, liver.
Blood vessels near the skin constrict (close) to keep heat in and allow the body to remain warm in cold conditions

Question 6

What is the vascular shunt mechanism?

Answer 6

As exercise intensity increases blood flow is restricted via vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Blood is redirected to where it is needed not.

Question 7

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 7

• Co2 blood IDE oxygenated blood)
• heart to lungs and return
  -RV pulmonary valve (semi lunar) pulmonary arterylungs, oxygenation, pulmonary veins, LA, bicuspid (atrioventricular valve)

Question 8

Systemic circulation?

Answer 8

Between heart and rest of the body
02 blood (oxygenated)
Heart to body and return
Lv, aortic valve (semilunar valve)Morty, muscle cells, release 02 pick up co2,IFC and sac, RA- tricuspid (AV valve) RV

Question 9

What is cardiac output?

Answer 9

Volume of blood pumped out of the heart (left ventricle) per min q=svxhr

Question 10

What is sv?

Answer 10

The amount of blood ejected out of the left ventricle with each heart beat.

Question 11

What is ejection fraction?

Answer 11

Percent of blood ejected out of the LV with each heart beat

Question 12

What is the Frank - starling mechanism?

Answer 12

Frank starling law of the heart states that Sv increases in the volume of blood filling the heart e.g venous return increases’ stretches the hearts chambers hold move blood so more blood so more powerful contraction is produced (increased Sv)

Question 13

What is a chemo receptorin sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 13

Detect an increase in carbon dioxide

Question 14

What’s a barroeceptor in sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

Direct an increase in blood pressure

Question 15

What is a proprioceptor in sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

Detect an increase in muscle movement

Question 16

What is a thermorecepter in sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 16

Detect an increase in temperature in the body

Question 17

What is hormone control in sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 17

Adrenaline released into the blood stream from kidneys (increases HR and SV)

Question 18

What happens when chemo receptors detect increased levels of CO2?

Answer 18

• lactic acid increases pH decreases
• causes a decrease in O2 carrying capacity of red blood cells(Bohr effect) shifting of O2 deissociation curve, hemoglobin releases O2.
• Role of cardiac control, vagus nerve, parasympathetic nervous etc system
• Stimulate increased heart rate to compensate

Question 20

What is a chemoreceptor in a parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 20

Chemorecptors decet a decrease in carbon dioxide

Question 21

What is a baroreceptor in parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 21

Detects an idecrease in blood pressure.

Question 22

What is a proprioceptor in parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 22

Detects a decrease in muscle movement

Question 23

What is a thermoreceptor in a parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 23

Detects a decrease in temperature in the body

Question 24

What happens in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

The brain sends an impulse down the parasympathetic nervous system to the SA node via vagus nerve, the parasympathetic nervous system slows down heart rate

Question 25

Tidal volume

Answer 25

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with every breath (TV)

Question 26

Breathing frequency

Answer 26

The number of breathes in a minute (bf)

Question 27

minute ventilation

Answer 27

Volume of air breathed in or out every minute

Question 28

Equation

Answer 28

ME = bf X TV = ME increases linearly to the need for oxygen (with exercise intensity)

Question 29

Diffusion

Answer 29

Movement of gases from high to low pressures.

Question 30

Gaseous exchange at the lungs

Answer 30

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli out into theblood (via the capillaries) and carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries into thealveali to be exhaled

Question 31

At the tissues/muscles

Answer 31

Oxygen diffuses from the capillaries into the working muscles and carbon dioxide diffuses from the working muscles back into thecapilleries to be returned to the heart to be exhaled

Question 32

During exercise

Answer 32

Demand for oxygen increases, yet the production of carbon dioxide also increases, this increased diffusion due to concentration gradient at the lungs and working muscles

Question 34

Haemoglobin job?

Answer 34

Transfers oxygen to the working muscles and once in the muscle cell, myoglobin transports it to the mitochondria.

Question 35

Mechanics of breathing; chemoreceptors.

Answer 35

Detect an increase in carbon dioxide

Question 36

Baro receptors:

Answer 36

Detect an increase in blood pressure

Question 37

Proprioreceptor in breathing

Answer 37

Detect an increase in muscle movement.

Question 38

Thermoreceptors in breathing mechanics

Answer 38

Detect an increase in temperature in the body

Question 39

Inspiration

Answer 39

- Breathing in At rest- Diaphragm and external intercostal musclescontract - increases size of thoratic cavity (reducing pressure) Air flow from high to low pressure and flows into lungs.