Aggression

Question 1

What are the types of aggression?

Answer 1

Channelled, assertive, instrumental, hostile

Question 2

What is instrumental aggression?

Answer 2

Aggression that intends to harm as a means to another goal- primarily motivation is to remove opponent eg a rugby player using aggressionto tackle his opponent to win the ball

Question 3

What is channelled aggression?

Answer 3

+ve form, performer diverts feelings of aggression into +ve outcomes

Question 4

What is hostile aggression?

Answer 4

The intention of harm outside the rules often as emotional response to another performer or situation e.g football player deliberately and illegally tripping an opponent with the sole purpose of injuring that person

Question 5

What is assertive aggression?

Answer 5

The use of physical force within rules or ethics of A sport and is legitimate.
This behaviour is accepted and sometimes welcomed and even an important part of success
E.g rugby tackle
Head kick tkd

Question 6

What is the frustration- aggression hypothesis?

Answer 6

Punishment if aggressionis expressed outside of the rules eg hostile aggression
Success= channelled aggression

Question 7

What is the instinct theory and Catharsis?

Answer 7

Catharsis is releasing aggression through harmless channels- within the rules of sport
Aggression is innate-we are born with aggressive traits
Aggression builds up and if not released will be repressed, can be damaging.
Displacement theory-wait for acceptable time to release aggression e.g through sport.

Question 8

What is cue arousal, social learning theory?

Answer 8

Aggression builds up but only predisposes individual to aggression not guaranteed aggression.
Cues can trigger aggression.
For aggression to be released, socially learnt ques most be present eg encouragement from a coach to be aggressive.

Question 9

What are the cases of aggression?

Answer 9

Hostile crowds, extrinsic rewards, high arousal temperatures, previous grudges or scores to be settled, frustration due to poor performance, opposition or ref.

Question 10

Strategies to control aggression are?

Answer 10

Develop players code of conduct
Positive reinforcement
Punishment aggressive act, fine players, match bans
Promote fair play
Sub players, before aggressive act occurs, look for signs of aggression
Highlight non aggressive acts and positive role models
Stress management techniques

Question 11

Strategies for NGB’s to cope with aggression?

Answer 11

Rewards
Punishment
Neutral venues
Stagger high emotion games
Educate officials to calm games
Support officials