Shoulder Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Plane synovial joint formed by medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum and 1st costal cartilage. Contains articular disc.

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2
Q

What stabilises the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Costoclavicular ligaments that attach to clavicle and 1st rib

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3
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane synovial joint located between lateral end of clavicle and the acromion of scapula.

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4
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint stabilised by?

A

Weak fibrous capsule is strengthened superiorly by acromioclavicular ligaments and trapezius and deltoid fibres. Mainly by coraco-clavicular joint (suspends weight of upper limb from the clavicle)

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5
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Bone-muscle-bone between costal surface of scapula, subscapularis ,uscle, serratus anterior and thoracic wall.

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6
Q

What movements are possible at the scapulothoracic joint?

A

protraction, retraction, elevation, depression and rotation

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7
Q

What produces protraction and lateral rotation of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

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8
Q

What rotates inferiorly, retracts, elevates and depresses scapula?

A

Trapezius

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9
Q

What retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula?

A

Rhomboid major and minor

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10
Q

How is the glenohumeral joint commonly dislocated? Why?

A

Anteriorly. The coracoacromial ligament stabilises the joint superiorly

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11
Q

What does the fibrocartilagenous glenoid labrum do?

A

Deepens the glenoid fossa

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12
Q

What stabilises the glenohumeral joint?

A

Capsule and glenohumerla, coracohumeral and coracoacromial ligaments. Also rotator cuff muscles.

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13
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles

A

Teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscaularis

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14
Q

Where are the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

On the internal surface of the fibrous capsule

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15
Q

Where does the coracohumeral ligament attach?

A

Coracoid process, anatomical neck of humerus and transverse humeral ligament

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16
Q

Where are the most important cushions in the shoulder?

A

The subacromial/subdeltoid bursa separate coracoacromial arch and deltoid from supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral joint

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17
Q

What may pain in the shoulder region be caused by?

A

Inflammation or tendons or bursa, muscle injury, osteophytes or microtrauma. Could be referred pain from diaphragm or peritoneum (phrenic innervation also C3-5)

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18
Q

Where does the serratus anterior attach?

A

1-8 ribs to anterior surface of scapula

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19
Q

Where does the pectoralis major attach?

A

Medial clavicle, maubrium and body of sternum and 1-6 costal cartilages to bicipital groove.

20
Q

Where does the latisimus dorsi attach?

A

Spinous processes of lower T, L and S vertebrae to iliac crest. Tendon attaches to bicipital groove.

21
Q

What innervates the lat dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7 &8)

22
Q

Where does the deltoid attach?

A

Clavicle, scapula and deltoid tuberosity.

23
Q

Where does the trapezius attach?

A

Occipital bone and C7-T12 to the scapula spine and clavicle.

24
Q

Where does the pectoralis minor attach?

A

Deep to the pectoralis major, 3-5 ribs and coracoid process.

25
Where does the teres major attach?
Between lateral border of scapula and bicipital groove (next to pec maj and lar dorsi)
26
Where does the subscapularis attach and what does it do?
Costal scapula-> lesser tuberosity | Medial rotation
27
Describe the supra and infra spinatus
Dorsal surface of scapula, superior/inferior to spine of scapula, attach to greater tuberosity Abduction and lateral rotation
28
Describe teres minor
Dorsal surface of scapulas on lateral border to greater tuberosity Lateral rotation
29
What muscles are involved in abduction of the arm?
Suprspinatus, deltoid at shoulder joint. Trapezius and serratus anterior to get scapula to rotate to bring arm up further
30
What muscles laterally rotates the humerus?
Supra and infra spinatus and teres minor
31
What muscles medially rotate the humerus?
Subscapularis
32
What does the deltoid do?
Abduction, flexion and extension
33
What is found in the axilla?
Brachial plexus (C5-T1), axillary artery, axillary vein (from basilic), lymph nodes, axillary sheath
34
Why is the axillary sheath clinically important?
Need to inject local anaesthetic into it for upper limb nerve block
35
Name the lymphatic groups found in the axilla
Pectoral, lateral, subscapular, central and apical
36
What is the brachial plexus?
Ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves that merge together
37
How may roots are there? What do they split up into?
5 roots, 3 trunks (superior, middle, inferior), 6 divisions (each trunk into anterior and posterior), 3 cords (lateral, medial and posterior) and 5 branches
38
Name the 5 branches of the brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar
39
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
Coracobrachialis, biceps brachi and brachialis
40
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
Deltoid, teres minor
41
What does the radial nerve innervate?
Triceps brachi and forearm extensors
42
What does the median nerve innervate?
Forearm flexors, pronator teres, palmaris longus and pronator quadratus
43
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
Flexor d g profundus, f c ulnaris
44
Where does the ulnar nerve come from?
C8, T1, inferior trunk, anterior division, medial cord
45
Where does the median nerve come from?
C5-T1, anterior divisions of all trunks, media and lateral cords
46
Where do the radial and axillary nerves come from?
C5-T1, all posterior divisions of trunks, and posterior cord
47
Where does the musculocutaenous nerve come from?
C5-C7, anterior branches of middle and superior trunks, lateral cord