Si Clauses Flashcards
What are the three different types of if-clauses?
- possible conditions (may be fulfilled later)
- impossible present “ifs” - ex: if i was a horse
- impossible past “ifs” - ex: if __ had happened, I….
How do possible si clauses work?
Si+ present indicative
If + (verb present tense normal)…
“result clause” can be in the present, future, or command tense
How do impossible si clauses work?
Si + past (imperfect) subjunctive
result clause = conditional
How do you form the past imperfect subjunctive?
- form the preterite third-person plural
- drop the -ron
for -ar verbs
- add ara, aras, ara, áramos, aran
for -er/-ir verbs
- add iera, ieras, iera, iéramos, ieran
What is the name of the form to give commands
imperative
How do you form affirmative tú commands?
- third-person singular form (no vowel change)
How do you form negative tú commands?
- take the regular yo
- drop the o
- replace with the opposite vowel ending
ex: comes
How do you form a formal positive (usted/ustedes) commands?
- third person singular
- flip the vowel
How do you form a negative formal command?
- use the present subjunctive form
ex: hablar– no hable (usted), no hablen (ustedes)
How do you form the conditional tense?
- use the complete verb (ex hablar), then add an ía, ías, etc…
What are the six irregular verbs in the conditional?
- tener: tendr-
- poder: podr-
- querer: querr-
- hacer: har-
- saber: sabr-
- decir: dir-
What are the irregulars in the past imperfect subjunctive?
- ser: fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fueran
- Ir: fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fueran
- Haber: hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubieran
- Estar: estuviera, estuvieras, estuviera, estuviéramos, estuvieran
- Dar: diera, dieras, diera, diéramos, dieran
- Saber: supiera, superas, supera, supiéramos, supieran
- viera, vieras, viera, viéramos, vieran
How do you form an “if-clause” about something contrary to a past fact?
si + pluperfect subjunctive
result clause = past conditional
How do you form the pluperfect subjunctive (past perfect subjunctive)?
imperfect subj. haber + past participle
haber: hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubieran
past participle: add -ado and -ido to the stem
ex: hablado, comido, vivido
What is another name for the pluperfect subjunctive?
past perfect subjunctive
What is a past participle in English? How do you form a past participle?
it’s like -ed. “I had/have played”
it’s used in combination with the verb haber
add -ido or -ado to the stem
What is the difference between a past participle and a present participle?
- past participle= used in combination with haber and adds and -ed like “I had played”
(-ido, -ado add to stem) - present participle= makes the “ing” in the present. ex: walking
(-iendo, -ando added to stem)
How do you form the future tense?
-é, ás, á, emos, án
add to the full verb
What are the irregulars in the future tense?
Push the r
1. caber: cabr-
2. haber: habr-
3. poder: podr-
4. querer: querr-
5. saber: sabr-
Add the d
1. poner: pondr-
2. tener: tendr-
3. salir: saldr-
4. valer: valdr-
5. venir: vendr-
3 letter
1. decir: dir-
2. hacer: har-
