Signals Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
What are the two types of signals?
A
- 2 position
- 3 position
2
Q
What are the 2 types of 2 position signals?
A
- light
- disc
3
Q
What are the 5 classes of 2 position signals?
A
- home
- disc
- dwarf
- distant
- calling on
4
Q
What aspects can home, normal dwarf and disc signals display? (2 position)
A
- stop
- proceed
5
Q
What 2 aspects can a distant signal show? (2 position)
A
- caution
- proceed
6
Q
What 2 aspects do siding dwarf and calling on signals display? (2 position)
A
- normal (extiniguished)
- proceed (illuminated)
7
Q
What 5 things do 2 position home signals protect?
A
- sidings
- signal boxes
- stations
- level crossings
- junctions
8
Q
Can a distant signal display stop?
A
No. It is just an advanced warning of the home signal ahead
9
Q
Is a hand signaller required for a defective distant signal?
A
- only for proceed aspect
- hand signaller will:
• place 2 ATWs on one rail
• display a stop/red hand signal to stop trains until permission can be given for them to proceed
10
Q
What is a disc signal described as?
A
- a red circular target that can be turned to the side
11
Q
How do you read a 2 position signal when there are multiple signals fitted together?
A
Top to bottom, left to right
12
Q
What are signals used for?
A
- control the movement of rail traffic
- keep trains separated at a safe distance
13
Q
Where can disc signals and standard dwarf signals take you? (2 position)
A
- running line to running line
- running line to siding
- siding to siding
- siding to running line
14
Q
What 3 things can a 3 position signal tell you about the line ahead?
A
If it is:
- damaged
- occupied
- obstructed
15
Q
How are 3 position signals operated?
A
- by the signaller
- track circuitry
- axle counters
16
Q
What 4 things do the aspects on a signal tell you?
A
P - points are set/not set
T - track ahead is clear/occupied
S - normal or medium track speed
N - next signal is displaying proceed or stop
17
Q
What is the 1 type of a 3 position signal?
A
Light
18
Q
What are the 4 classes of 3 position signals?
A
- home
- dwarf
- automatic
- repeating
19
Q
How do you label the lights on a 3 position signal?
A
A = top light
B = bottom light
C = low speed caution, found only on home signals
20
Q
What do 3 position home signals protect?
A
- station
- siding
- signal boxes
- level crossings
- junctions
21
Q
What do automatic signals do?
A
Expedite the passage of trains by dividing a long section of track into shorter sections
22
Q
How do you identify an automatic signal?
A
Lights are staggered
23
Q
How do you pass an automatic signal at stop?
A
Under your own authority as per Rule 1 Section 3
24
Q
What movements do 3 position dwarf signals control?
A
- running line to running line
- running line to siding
- siding to siding
- siding to running line
25
What is the maximum speed you can do past a signal displaying a low speed caution?
- 15 km/h
- proceed cautiously prepared to stop short of any obstruction as line ahead may be occupied
26
What is the maximum speed you can do at a medium speed aspect?
- max 40 km/h
- can do 65 km/h or 80 km/h if displayed on the speed indicator on the same signal
27
What does an illuminated letter 'A' mean on a 3 position home signal?
- signal is in automatic mode
- 'A' light will only illuminate if signal is at stop
28
What 3 aspects can a 3 position dwarf signal display?
- stop
- low speed caution
- clear low speed
29
What is the maximum speed you can do when passing a 3 position dwarf signal displaying a low speed caution or a clear low speed?
- 15 km/h
30
What are banner indicators used for?
- repeat the aspect of the next signal in advance
- usually used when next signal is has poor sighting distance
31
What are repeating signals used for?
Takes you from a 2 position system to a 3 position system
32
What 3 aspects can a repeating signal display?
- warning
- proceed
- reduce to medium
33
Can a repeating signal display a stop indication?
No - it has no red light
34
How do you treat a repeating signal if it is displaying and irregular aspect?
- at it's safest position = warning
- treat the following signal as if it's at stop until ascertained otherwise
35
What do you do if you lose sight of the handsignaller
- Stop + make enquiries
- Don't move until you can see the hand signaller again
36
What is the hand signal for stop at day/night
- red flag
- red light
- any light waved violently
37
What is the hand signal for move towards me day and night
- white light waved side to side across the body
- arm across the body, beckoning towards
38
What is the hand signal for move slowly towards me day and night
- green light waved side to side across body
- arm across the body, beckoning with other arm up to the side of the body bent at the elbow
39
What is the hand signal for move away day and night
- white light waved up and down next to the body
- one arm waved around in a circle (wax on wax off)
40
What is the hand signal for move away from me slowly day and night
- green light waved up and down next to the body
- one arm waved around in a circle (wax on wax off) with other arm up to the side of the body bent at the elbow
41
What is the hand signal for ease up day and night
- green light waved side to side across the body
- both hands above the shoulders coming together above the head then move apart again
42
What is the hand signal for all right day and night
- steady white flag, light, paddle
- hand held straight out to the side of the body
43
What does a green flag/torch waved side to side during track force protection indicate?
Max 25km/h until steady green hand signal is received
44
What are the station limits for ABS?
- arriving home to the first automatic in advance of the departing home
- arriving home to the first automatic if there is no departing home
45
What is the object of the ABS system?
- where 2 or more trains are to proceed in the same direction, to prevent more than 1 train being in a track section at the same time
- on bi-directional lines, to prevent trains running in opposite directions in a single line section at the same time
46
What is the object of the ATC system?
- prevent more than 1 train being on a track section at the same time (2 or more trains in the same direction)
- prevent more than 1 train entering the single line section at the same time (opposing direction movements)
47
What are the station limits of ATC?
- opposing home arrivals
48
What colour flag does the outer handsignaller display during track force protection?
Yellow
49
What does a driver do when they run over ATWs during track force protection?
- reduce speed
- sound long whistle
- press MAD button
- look for inner handsignaller and expect it to be at stop
50
How many ATWs are used during track force protection?
3
51
How many ATWs are used when a home signal is defective at proceed?
2
52
How far from the point of work is the outer handsignaller in the
- inner suburban
- suburban
- country
- I.S. -> 2 signals
- S. -> 1200m, 3 fixed signals or signal box if within 1200m
- C. -> 2000-4000m, 3 fixed signals or signal box if within 2000-4000m
53
How far from the point of work is the inner hand signaller in the:
- inner suburban
- suburban
- country
- I.S. -> 100m
- S. -> 200m
- C. -> 200m
54
How far before the point of work is a warning board?
1200m
55
How far before the point of work is the caution board?
200m
56
How far after the point of work is the normal short board?
200m
57
How far after the point of work is the normal board?
1200m
58
To which trains do NS and N boards apply to?
NS -> trains shorter than 200m
N -> train longer than 200m
59
What do you do if you run over unattended ATWs?
- sound long whistle
- reduce speed of train
- look for signs of track workers/hand signallers
- be prepared to stop short of any obstruction
- report to T.C. and follow instruction -> stop and TEC call
- give approximate location
60
What are the 3 types of route indicators?
- arrow
- letter
- feather
61
What are the 3 subtypes of the letter type route indicator?
- dual gauge
- illuminated letters
- theatre type
62
What are the 2 subtypes of the arrow type route indicator?
- painted
- illuminated
63
What are the 2 indications you could get on the dual gauge route indicator?
- S -> standard gauge
- V -> Victorian broad gauge
64
Where is the only location where there are feather type route indicators?
Richmond
65
What are a driver's actions if there is a failure of a route indicator?
- report to controlling signaller
- attempt to stop before the signal
- confer with signaller if correct route is set -> can continue if correct route is set
66
What speed are speed proving trips usually set for?
25km/h
67
Where are fixed train stops used?
- terminating locations
- to prevent wrong line moves
68
How do you ascertain if you are back tripping in a comeng?
- Attempt to reset trip from lead cab
- extreme caution to next fixed signal
69
What must a driver do when the trip valve is operated NOT in the vicinty of a signal?
- stop train
- check if derailed
- TEC call
- PA announcement
- look for any obvious cause
- reset trip valve
- extreme caution to the next fixed signal
- incident report
70
What must a driver do when tripping in the vicinity of a home signal/dwarf WITH COMMS?
- stop train
- check if derailed
- call controlling signaller
- TEC call to TC if can't contact signaller
- PA announcement
- act under instructions from TC/signaller
71
What must a driver do when tripping in the vicinity of a home/dwarf signal with NO COMMS?
- stop and secure train
- check if derailed
- PA announcement
- continue to attempt to contact signaller/TC
- don't move train until authorised
- TOS procedure
72
What must a driver do when tripping in the vicinity of an automatic signal WITH COMMS?
- stop train
- check if derailed
- TEC call
- PA announcement
- don't proceed until instructed by TC
- once authorised, proceed as per R1S3
73
What must a driver do when tripping in the vicinity of an automatic signal with NO COMMS?
- stop and secure train
- check if derailed
- PA announcement
- continue to attempt to contact TC/signaller
- don't move until authorised
- TOS procedure
74
What must a driver do after any PAE?
- stop and secure train -> don't reset trip and don't move
- check if derailed
- call: • signaller if at a home signal
• TC if at an auto signal
- act under instruction from signaller/TC
75
How is a driver notified of a signal out of use?
- safeworking circulars
- W.O.N.
- placed on depot noticeboards
76
What will happen when a signal is booked out of use?
- X over the signal
- bag put over it
- signal turned 90 degrees
- signal blank/extinguished
77
What must a driver do if a signal is blocked/out of use but is illuminated?
- report to signaller as an irregularity
78
How do you identify a 2 position and a 3 position signal when reporting it?
- 2 position -> post number
- 3 position -> signal number
79
How do you read 2 position signals?
Top to bottom, left to right
80
What is the purpose of a co-acting signal?
- used where view of the original signal is obstructed
81
What are a drivers actions if the co-acting and the main signal are displaying conflicting aspects?
Treat at it's safest position and stop before the signal
82
How do you identify a co-acting signal?
- same signal number as the main signal
- most of the time will also have a 'P' after the signal number as well
83
What instances is there a 15km/h speed limit?
- passing over facing points when held by hand
- passing over facing points that are usually trailing points
- trains involved in shunting moves
- pushing trains on running lines during train rescue
- all train movements within a siding
- any wrong line movement when passing over a level crossing
84
What is the speed restriction during WOLO when rail temperature is between 55-57 degrees?
- max 80km/h
85
What is the speed restriction during WOLO when rail temperature is >58 degrees?
Max 70km/h
86
During what times are WOLO speed restrictions in place?
1200-2000
87
How are drivers reminded of WOLO speed restrictions?
- notices at sign on
- TC making group calls
- WOLO board places at end of platforms
88
What are the 2 types of level crossing?
- active control
- passive control
89
What does the flashing light repeating side light indicate?
- indicates level crossing devices are active and working
90
What are the 2 types of whitsle boards?
- normal type
- healthy state
91
What does a normal whistle board look like?
White X
92
How far before a level crossing is a normal type whistle board?
400m
93
What does a healthy state whistle board look like?
Yellow X
94
What is the definition of a long whistle?
Sound of the whistle should be distinct, with intensity, duration or repetition appropriate at which the warning is required to be heard
95
What are a drivers actions if the train stops prior to the level crossing when the level crossing equipment is failing to operate?
- sound whistle
- move cautiously to within 3m of level crossing to activate
- once level crossing is active:
• ensure saloon lights are operational
• sound continuous whistle until lead cab is clear of level crossing
• max 15km/h until lead cab is clear of crossing
96
What must a driver do if the train fails to stop prior to the level crossing?
- emergency whistle
- flash headlights
- any means possible to warn pedestrians and vehicles
- contact TC once train is stopped
97
What will happen if there is a defective signal protecting a level crossing?
- signaller must ensure crossing equipment is operative prior to authorising driver
- driver must not proceed over level crossing if the equipment is inoperative
- if it is an automatic signal:
• pass as per R1S3
• move forward cautiously until crossing equipment activates
98
What must a driver do at a level crossing when rail traffic is operating in the wrong direction?
- stop 3m short of level crossing
- move forward cautiously until level crossing equipment activates
- max 15km/h over level crossing
99
What will happen with level crossings during single line working?
- competent employee will manually operate the level crossing equipment
- all right hand signal once protection is in place
- max 15km/h
100
What is the purpose of a 5P key switch at stations with level crossings?
- puts the signal back to stop
- raise the level crossing equipment
- stops traffic being held up if there is an issue with a train etc.
101
What is the normal and reverse position of a home signal?
- normal -> stop
- reverse -> proceed
102
What are the normal and reverse positions of an automatic signal?
- normal -> proceed
- reverse -> stop
103
What are the normal and reverse positions of boom gates?
- normal -> down
- reverse -> up
104
How far before a tramway crossing is the advanced warning sign?
200m
105
How far past the tramway crossing is the clearance sign?
160m
106
Can the 5P key be removed from the key switch once it has been operated?
No
107
How far past the tramway crossing is the clearance sign for 3 cars?
80m
108
What does a limited trackside structure clearance marker indicate?
The trackside infrastructure has limited clearance from the train
109
What are the coasting, series and series parallel indicators?
- coasting -> =
- series -> \\\
- series parallel -> //
110
What does a train stop here board indicate?
The ideal stopping point for a driver
111
What does a terminal stop board indicate?
- overhead runs out in 15m
- driver must stop at least 3m before it
- fitted to the trackside or on the overhead itself
112
What does an occupation stop board indicate?
- section ahead is under an absolute occupation
- no trains are to enter
113
How far before a station are the station approach boards?
400-600m
114
What do altered stopping condition boards indicate?
- used where stations are to be closed for a period of time
- will be fitted to the station prior to advise of the change in conditions ahead
115
What are departure instruction boards used for?
Indicate important details to be completed prior to departure from a siding or yard
116
What are arrival instruction boards for?
Indicate specific restrictions on stabling instructions at a yard or siding
117
What are speed indication boards for?
Indicate a special speed restriction for entering workshops or wash areas of a siding or yard
118
What are point machine indicator boards for?
Indicate a specific type of point machine being in operation in the area
119
What are stopping indication markers in a siding/yard for?
Indicates the limit of shunting that can occur within a siding or yard -> must not pass this sign without authority
120
What are TR point indicators for?
Indicates the location a train us to move to prior to departure from the siding
121
What are baulks signs for?
Indicates an end of track barrier ahead on a dead end road or siding
122
What are limit of shunt boards for?
- Indicate the maximum premitted area a train can move -> must not pass this sign
- can also indicate when a driver must pass a certain point (to be clear of points so they can return)
123
What are a drivers' actions after any PAE?
- bring train to a stand
- assess situation and potential risk to other trains
- REC call if other trains affected
- don't move train unless instructed to
- contact signaller or TC, provide requested info and follow instructions
- move train only as far as authorised
124
What information should you provide after a PAE?
- name and employee number
- shift number
- leading motor car number
- TDN
- location
- signal number
- estimated distance authority was exceeded
- whether brake was applied prior to PAE
- any considerations regarding fitness for duty
- answers to any further questions that may be asked
125
What are the 3 exceptions to pass a fixed signal on ABS?
- defective
- track circuited - no low speed or calling on
- single line working
126
What are a drivers' actions if detained at a home signal at stop?
- sound long whistle (if local signal box)
- contact signaller
- provide signaller: TDN, signal/post number and position of train
- PA announcement
- contact signaller every 5 minutes
- contact TC if:
1. Can't contact signaller
2. Not satisfied with reason for delay
3. Delay will exceed 5 minutes
127
What are the exceptions to pass a home signal on ABS?
- defective
- track circuited - no low speed or calling on
- single line working
128
What are the exceptions to pass a disc/dwarf signal at stop in ABS?
- defective
- single line working
129
What is the only 3 times an automatic signal can be passed at stop?
- when performing R1S3
- authorised by the driver of disabled train who is acting as the pilot
- where special instructions apply to the contrary
130
Can you assume an automatic signal is defective?
No
131
When performing R1S3, what must you assume the line ahead to be?
Occupied, damaged or obstructed
132
What must you consider before performing R1S3 that could make it unsafe to do?
- braking ability of the train with consideration to the gradient
- defective/isolated equipment
- extremely bad weather conditions
- poor/restricted visibility
133
What do you do if you need to perform R1S3 with NO COMMS?
- wait 30 seconds then trip past
- record signal number, lead motor and TDN still to report later
134
What number do you call before performing R1S3 if COMMS AVAILABLE?
R1S3 number
135
What 4 pieces of information do you provide when doing R1S3?
- name
- TDN
- lead motor number
- signal number
136
What are the restrictions when performing R1S3?
- must not be distracted while train is in motion
- stop train before performing any other function
- if train is spotted ahead while on parallel lines, stop until ascertained it is on the other track
- if train is spotted ahead on same track -> stop, once it starts moving again, follow at a safe distance until you come up to the next signal
- extreme caution until whole train is clear of next fixed signal displaying a proceed aspect
137
What is the definition of extreme caution?
- able to stop in half the distance you can see
- max 25km/h or the posted track speed if it's lower
- expect the line ahead to be occupied, damaged or obstructed
138
What is your authority when passing a defective home signal on ABS?
- no points = verbal
- points = signallers caution order (SCO)
139
What is your authority when passing a home signal under the exception of track circuited - no low speed or calling on?
- verbal; and/or
- green signal from controlling signaller
140
What is your authority when passing a home signal during single line working?
Pilot's authority
141
What are the 2 exceptions to pass a disc/dwarf signal on ABS?
- defective
- single line working
142
What is your authority to pass a defective disc/dwarf signal on ABS?
Verbal (regardless if points or not)
143
What is your authority to pass a disc/dwarf signal during single line working on ABS?
Pilot's authority
144
What are your 2 rules for passing an automatic signal at stop on ABS?
- R1S3
- assisting a disabled train
145
What is your authority for passing an automatic signal at stop when assisting a disabled train?
- driver of the disabled train or train control/rail safety manager once the disabled train is protected
146
What is your authority for passing an automatic signal as per R1S3?
R1S3
147
What are the exceptions to pass a fixed signal in ATC?
- defective
- assisting a disabled train
148
What are the 2 exceptions for passing a home departure signal on ATC?
- defective
- assisting a disabled train
149
What is your authority when passing a defective home departure signal on ATC?
- ATC systems caution order
- if no home departure signal -> ATC systems caution order with reference to signal number deleted
150
What is your authority when passing a home departure signal to assist a disabled train on ATC?
- train authority (TA)
- home departure signal will be sleeved at stop
151
What is the exception for passing a home arrival signal in ATC?
- defective
152
What is your authority when passing a defective home arrival signal on ATC?
- no points = verbal
- points = signallers caution order (SCO)
153
What is the exception for passing dwarf signals within station limits on ATC?
- defective
154
What is your authority to pass a defective dwarf signal in station limits on ATC?
Verbal (regardless of points or not)
155
What is your authority to pass a defective dwarf signal that governs the entrance to the single line section on ATC?
- ATC systems caution order
156
What does ABS stand for?
Automatic block signalling
157
What does ATC stand for?
Automatic track control
158
What 3 ways can a driver receive caution orders?
- handed
- transmitted
- dictated
159
What 2 ways can a driver receive a TA?
- handed
- dictated
160
How do you cancel a TA?
- local signal box -> hand back to the signaller who will cancel it
- not local -> contact TC, then write cancelled, time, date, signature
161
What should a driver do if they receive an irregular/imperfectly displayed aspect?
- treat it at it's safest position
- don't pass without correct authority
162
Can a CAN notice authorise you past a signal?
No
163
How may a driver be notified of a failure of signal lights?
- CAN notice
- radio call
164
What are some types of signal irregularities?
- absence if a signal aspect at a place where it is normally shown
- signal imperfectly displayed
- signal that keeps flickering/cycling
- seeing white light in a place where there is normally a coloured light
- seeing 2 signal aspects where normally 1 should be seen (2 position)
- conflicting aspects on co-acting signals
- signal reverting to stop prior to train passing it
- any other signal displaying any indications mot specified in the book of rules
- illuminated signals when on CBTC where the signals should be blanked out
165
What must happen if a home signal is defective at the proceed position?
- light must be obscured
- 2 ATWs before signal
- handsignaller -> red flag and inform driver
- get authority from controlling signaller to pass -> extreme caution
166
What must happen if a disc/dwarf signal is defective at proceed?
- obscure light/disc
- no ATWs needed
- handsignaller -> red flag and inform driver
- can pass with handsignallers authority acting under the signaller
167
What should a driver do if a signal reverts to stop in front of them?
- attempt to stop before signal
- need correct authority before moving train
168
What should a driver do if they have been wrong routed?
- attempt to stop before signal
- contact signaller to get correct route
- if unable to stop before the signal:
• may set back before signal with correct authority
• continue on wrong route to terminated at an available location
169
What authority does a driver need to pass a signal protecting a tramway crossing?
- SCO
- must be handed by the controlling signaller
- signaller must ensure boom barriers are lowered
170
What are a driver's actions if the 'A' light is illuminated and the signal is at stop?
- can pass as per R1S3 as it's now treated as an automatic signal
171
What are a driver's actions if the signal is at stop and there is no illuminated 'A'?
- contact signaller and follow their instructions
- if can't contact signaller -> call TC, they will ascertain beyond reasonable doubt that the signaller is switched out
172
Should you assume that the illuminated 'A' has failed?
No
173
What are a driver's actions if the signal is at stop with no illuminated 'A' and there are COMMS AVAILABLE?
- sound long whistle (if locally controlled)
- PA announcement
- contact controlling signaller
- contact TC if unable to contact signaller
- they will check beyond reasonable doubt the signaller is switched out
- if signal box confirmed closed -> inspect points and ensure theyre set for the correct route
- TC will issue verbal instructions to pass home signal at stop as per failure of illuminated 'A'
- exchange names - driver <-> TC
- extreme caution as per R1S3
174
What are a drivers actions if detained at a home signal with no illuminated 'A' lit up and NO COMMS?
- sound long whistle
- PA announcement
- secure train, full cab unattened
- proceed to signal box and ascertain if open/closed -> if closed, inspect points and pass as per R1S3, contact TC at first opportunity
- use platform PEI button to contact TC
- if unable to contact anyone and can't ascertain if signal box is closed - TOS
175
What are a drivers actions if detained at a home signal and the illuminated 'A' is not lit up at a REMOTE location with NO COMMS?
- PA announcement
- stay on train - TOS
- continue to attempt to contact signaller/TC
176
What are a drivers actions if the trip valve is operated irregularly in the section?
- stop train and check if derailed
- TEC call (REC if affecting other lines)
- PA announcement
- look for debris/other obvious causes
- reset trip
- proceed with extreme caution
177
What is the only signal that has no exceptions to pass?
Hand signal
178
What do steady white departure lights indicate?
Platform work complete, close saloon doors and obey signal aspect
179
What does extinguished white departure lights indicate?
Platform work not complete, don't close doors, don't depart
180
What does flashing white departure lights indicate?
- emergency stop
- wait for steady white lights or again or communication from station staff
