single family dwelling fires Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
private homes are responsible for __ % of annual civilian fire deaths
A
70 (206)
2
Q
statistics are not surprising because the majority of devices likely to produce fires are located on the __ floor of homes and most victims still inside will be found in bedrooms or sleeping areas
A
1st
3
Q
the majority of homes are wood frame or ___ construction and the fire load is relatively light, the fact that most fire deaths occur here can be attributed primarily to the 5 occupant factors
A
ordinary
4
Q
what are the 5 occupant factors that primarily attribute to house fires
A
unsafe sleeping habits carelessness and indifference improper storage and house keeping complacency home repair specialists
5
Q
smoke detectors, smoking in bed, overloaded outlets, improper wiring, unattended candles and cooking are examples of
A
carelessness and indifference
6
Q
most of the private dwellings in the city of las vegas are constructed of type ___ lightweight wood frame platform
A
V (207)
7
Q
__ __ is a wood stud framing system in which all studs are one story in height and the floors above provide inherent stopping
A
platform framing
8
Q
platform buildings are built in attempt to confine the fire to __ floor
A
1
9
Q
the major compromise in muli-story platform construction is the __ __
A
open stairway
10
Q
lightweight wood construction includes the use of wood trusses and laminated wooden __-___
A
I-beams (208)
11
Q
wood truss are engineered as complete a system which means that multiple components share and distribute the load they are supporting if any part fails what can happen
A
the entire system could collapse
12
Q
aluminum and steel frame studs have all the dangerous characteristics of heated ___ and will begin to lose strength when heated
A
steel
13
Q
__-__ consist of exterior walls that are constructed with Styrofoam block or steel wire panel forms that are covered or filled with concrete
A
poly-foam
14
Q
poly foam construction use lightweight wood trusses and interior walls framed of wood making them similar to type __ construction
A
II
15
Q
what are the 2 different codes that determine how homes are built fire safe
A
2009 IFC code book
las vegas city amendments
16
Q
the 2009 IFC code book and las vegas city amendments regulate how structures must be built to be __ safe
A
fire
17
Q
the 2009 international residential building code mandates how homes must be built to ensure that they are __ __
A
structurally sound
18
Q
residential homes are required to have __ hour fire barrier between the garage and the living area
A
1 (209)
19
Q
a fire wall is usually required to have __ hour rating
A
4
20
Q
the actual requirement for a garage wall is called __ one hour wall which means that only 1 side of the garage wall is require to be buil in accordance with this building ordinance
A
modified
21
Q
a modified garage fire barrier is most commonly built using 5/8 type ___ drywall on one side of the wall with a self closing solid core door and dampered ductwork
A
X
22
Q
are there specific fire ratings required on floors walls and ceilings
A
no
23
Q
in a platform construction each floor is supposed to be an independent ___ but breaches are often made between rooms and floors without any fire stop requirements. the most common is HVAC and duct work
A
compartment
24
Q
fire stops are required vertically in between wall studs every __ feet
A
10
25
it is possible for fire to move laterally between studs if they have been drilled out for __ or plumbing purposes
electrical
26
the code requires a fire draft stop every ___ sq ft of open attic space
3000
27
a___ ___ is a barrier designed to slow the spread of fire in these open spaces
draft stop
28
a draft stop can be constructed of __ " sheet rock plywood, particle board or OSB. it
1/2"
29
a draft stop extends from the ceiling of the home to the
underside of the roof decking
30
the fire code requires that homes be located no farther than __ ft from the nearest hydrant
300 (210)
31
hydrant spacing in residential area is a max of __ ft apart or 600 ft if the homes are sprinkled
500
32
homes are required to have interconnected battery backup smoke detectors in each __ area and common egress avenues
sleeping
33
are carbon monoxide detectors required per the fire code
no
34
residential sprinkler requirements are considered on a case by case basis. generally any home over ___ sq dt in the city of las vegas will be sprinklered along with all residential board and care facilities
5000
35
circumstances that may require residential sprinklers are __ and __
access and size
36
the access requirement mandates that if a home has access from only one direction and the street is linger that __ ft then it must be sprinklered no matter what the sixe of the house
600
37
if a home is more than ___ ft away from the curb (fire lane) then there is a good chance it will be required to be sprinklered
150
38
the size requirements are based on the fd ability to produce the fire flow necessary to extinguish the fire, since most hydrants in the city of las vegas are a minimum of ___ gpm and ___ psi, the majority of city homes are not affected by this issue
1500gpm and 20 psi
39
as a general rule the prevention division states that homes __ sqft or smaller will not require sprinklers unless they have an access problem or a special community development issue such as built on the top of a hill
5000
40
all homes 5000 sqft or larger must be reviewed by ___ __ and 90% of these are required to install sprinklers because they cannot meet the minimum fire flow requirements
fire prevention
41
homes that are ___ sqft or larger require a FDC to help support their sprinkler system
10000
42
in very large homes the FDC is located near the __ or __
curb or driveway
43
residential sprinkler systems are only designed to allow for occupants to ___ __; they will not extinguish a well involved fire
escape quickly
44
true or false residential sprinklers are like commercial sprinklers and will be installed in every part of the house
false(211)
45
platform frame buildings are built in an attempt to confine the fire to __ __
one floor
46
___ systems in a building such as plumbing, electrical and when present HVAC systems, negate the effects of a platform frame
utility
47
___ are framed out areas in a building that are usually above kitchen sinks and cabinets
soffits
48
are there fire stops in soffits
no
49
wood has an average ignition temperature of __ degrees
400
50
wood burns at a rate of 1" every __ min
40
51
most modern construction is not composed of 2x4 studs anymore rather they are composed of __ x __ or less
1 1/2 x 3 1/2
52
what are 3 indicators that a roof or floor is going to partially or full collapse
```
sagging or spongy sheathing
distorted structural members
unusual creaks or cracking noises
heavy dead or impact loads
improper vertical vent
```
53
according to recent test performed by the NFPA and underwriters laboratories, lightweight wood truss construction can be expected to fail without warning in as little as __ min of fire exposure
5 (212)
54
as a general rule once a room has ___ it can be assumed that the structural members are being compromised
flashed
55
most trusses are connected with sheet metal __ or __
gusset plate or gang nail
56
a gusset plate penetrates the wood approx. __ inch and readily pulls free when exposed to heat
1/4
57
__ __ __ is becoming more popular and replacing the gusset plate with a glued joint
glue fingered jointed truss
58
the glue in glue fingered jointed trusses starts to degrade at ___ degrees
400
59
one of the most significant characteristics of the truss is that each piece will simultaneously be exposed to ___
fire
60
__ __-__ are engineered beams formed with 2 x4 top and bottom cords and laminated plywood as a web member.
laminated I-beams
61
laminated I-beams will fail in as little as __ min without warning
5
62
adding to the fire susceptibility of engineered beams is the fact that the glue used to laminate the plywood is combustible and will cause the beam to burn __ and __
hotter and faster
63
the fire flow formula estimates the required gpm to darken down the fire within __ - __ seconds, so even if a large family room in a home measuring 20 x 20 that is 100% involved would only require 133 GPM to control with in the above time frame
10 -30 (213)
64
what are some of the benefits of single family residents
```
compartmentation
small room size
doors on rooms
windows in most rooms
effective ppv
```
65
what is more likely in a single family resident fire total roof collapse or single room collapse
single room collapse
66
what are the benefits provided by having doors on most rooms in a single family resident fire
closed doors in sleeping areas increase the chance of survival
doors create a natural fire barrier
can be closed while searching to limit fire spread
closed to create a safe refuge
67
having a window in a room provides at least __ means of egress
2 (214)
68
glass breaks at about ___ degrees
700
69
intentionally breaking window in rooms other than the fire room ___ the systematic removal of smoke and gasses
hinders
70
PPV can be very effective in single family homes unless fire ______
enters the attic space
71
___ ventilation should be considered if fire has extended in to the attic space
vertical
72
what is the primary incident priority
life safety
73
most fire deaths occur in
single family homes
74
what are some firefighting problems in single family homes
```
life hazard
open stairways
interior finishes and furnishings
HVAC
construction voids
attic spaces
dangerous roofs
tile roofs
excessive storage and debris
```
75
search should be focused on removing those in the area of the fire 1st then checking all other areas, beginning with
the floor above the main fire
76
the most severe design defect in private dwellings is the
open stairway (215)
77
an open staircase in a single family home acts just like a __, funneling fire and gasses upward toward occupants and exposed areas
chimney
78
interior doors of single family homes are usually __ __ construction
hollow core
79
lack of ___ controlling interior finishes in single family residences can create an extremely fast, hot fire
regulations
80
HVAC ventilation and ac systems create 2 primary problems what are they
HVAC duct runs throughout the house and negates the advantages of platform construction.
dangerous concentrated load above the ceiling
81
___ are boxed out areas commonly located above kitchen cabinets and sinks as well as above bathroom sinks and around bathtubs
soffits (216)
82
soffits are
construction voids
83
most plumbing that extends to the 2nd floor of a home will travel up the same wall creating an avenue for __ fire spread
vertical
84
fire discovered in the attack space must be aggressively attacked with water application from __ or from the attic vents
underneath
85
never place personnel on or under a roof that is unstable, that you suspect to be unstable or has already ___ itself
vented
86
a roof slope of __ degrees or less is relatively safe
30
87
any roof more than 30 and up to 45 degrees should mandate the use of a __ __
roof ladder
88
a roof of greater than __ degrees should not be walked on
45
89
any roof condition that causes a reduction in safety should require the use of
roof ladder
| aerial device
90
before crews committing to the roof great consideration should be given to the __ __ __ of the fire
location
size
duration (217)
91
the lvfr policy is that we are only to ventilate on tile roofs if the order is given by __ __ after all safety factors are considered
BC
92
if the bc is to employ vertical ventilation on a tile roof then he must be certain that the operation can be done both __ and __
safely and effectively
93
what is the best method for removing concrete tiles from a roof
pull them completely our of the way and then stack them out of your cut area
94
___ must be considered your 1st option for ventilation on a structure with a tile roof
PPV
95
what is the point of entry rule of thumb
the safest most effective path of least resistance
96
once you have completed your situational evaluation and have decided on an offensive strategy, a basic __ model can be used on most calls
tactical (218)
97
what are the task that must be completed for an offensive fire
```
apparatus positioning
water supply
hose line/tools
ventilation
utilities
entry
search
extinguish
salvage/overhaul
```
98
ideally if your engineer can drive just past the involved structure, this will give you __ views of the house before you exit the engine
3
99
the front of the structure should be left open for the __
truck
100
the engine should park __ to the curb closest to the involved structure as long as you are not in the collapse zone or a potential exposure area
adjacent
101
the 1st rescue should also respond directly to the incident and position themselves close enough to the residence to provide immediate support as __ __ or IRIT, but be careful not to block access to other units
fire medical
102
if you have an obvious working fire, then you are responsible for adequate uninterrupted
water supply
103
1 3/4" line of sufficient length will be pulled and flaked to the point of entry with at least __' of anchor at the entry point
50 (219)
104
what tools should be brought forward
haligan
flat head axe
6' pike pole or rubbish hook
105
in order to be safe an effective with our interior operations the heat and smoke must begin to be ____. it is critical that this be coordinated with fire attack
released from the residence
106
if __ is established to early then we may intensify the fire and risk losing a savable life.
ventilation
107
use of vertical ventilation in the initial phases of an offensive attack in a private residence may be lass of an effective tactic than ___
PPV
108
the ___ division or __ __ group must verify that there is an exhaust hole for PPV prior to opening a door and turning the fan.
interior division or fire attack group
109
if there is not an adequate __ __ then PPV will not work and is potentially dangerous
exhaust opening
110
discipline yourself and do not enter the residence until ___ is effectively ventilating the structure
PPV
111
___ should be placed at the point of entry, turned away and started
positive pressure fan
112
ff should follow the point of entry rule of thumb when making an entry which states
entry should be executed utilizing the safest most effective path of least resistance
113
initial overhaul and checking for extension should be conducted immediately after ___
knockdown
114
when doing overhaul and checking for extension existing openings in construction should be checked ___, including vents, light fixtures, pipe chases, electrical outlets, and switch plates
1st
115
when should salvage begin
as soon as personnel are available to address it
116
life safety is our primary goal and until we have an all clear, life search must be part of our __ __ __
IAP
117
what 2 things are interior crews searching for
life and fire
118
you must get sufficient ___ on the fire to extinguish it and aggressively overhaul the fire
GPM
119
by definition an offensive attack is an __ operation
interior (221)
120
this division is responsible for extending hose lines into the structure to support the primary search, extinguish the fire and check for extension. during their advance, they are responsible for searching for life and fire
interior
121
what information should be communicated to command from interior division
```
personnel in structure
water on fire
knockdown
primary all clear
CAAN reports
```
122
the ic should always plan to support the initial attack with a __ __ unit
back up
123
__ __ is responsible for protecting the interior divisions primary egress, assisting with the completion of the primary search and helping check for extension. they can also apply additional water flow if needed
back up unit
124
in a 2 story home with fire on the 2nd the back up unit should protect the ___ while completing a primary search and checking for extension on the 1st floor
stairwell
125
____ is the most common form of ventilation for single family residents
PPV (222)
126
PPV without an adequate ___ ___is not acceptable and does not constitute proper ventilation
exhaust opening
127
the ventilation group must anticipate and prepare for ___ ventilation prior to the order
vertical
128
when going to the roof for ventilation a __ __ -__ should be completed and communicated to command
roof size-up
129
offensive operations will be conducted meeting the __ -_/__-__ requirement by conducting fire attack while being accompanied by one of their ff; the other ff and engineer should remain outside
two in/two out
130
IRIT should operate on the __ only
exterior
131
it is highly recommended to assign an ISO at any structure fire. if available a member of the ___ team will respond and operate as the ISO
overhead
132
the ISO should constantly evaluate the operation and provide input to command. the ISO must immediately report any unsafe conditions to ___ and immediately halt any unsafe acts
command (223)
133
per ICS if you don't delegate an ISO , then the __ retains those responsibilities
IC
134
some form of rehab should be established at any working fire t/f
true
135
protecting exposures can be made given to any unassigned crew or made up from __-__ engineers
non pumping
136
rescue can be conducted simultaneous with fire attack if enough personnel are on scene, or ___ to any fire attack if you are by yourself
prior
137
when in a defensive strategy at a private residence our goal is to stop the spreading of the fire to the rest of the neighborhood. this is done by prioritizing the exposures and assigning __ to support them
divisions (224)
138
what is the primary cause of exposure fires
radiant heat
139
in a defensive strategy select a position for your unit where you can accomplish___protection and alternatively hit the fire
exposure
140
in a defensive fire all apparatus must be placed outside of the ___ zone and in such a manner that they will not become an exposure to radiant heat
collapse
141
if you have a large amount of smoke and fire upon your approach and you are considering a defensive strategy, then it is probably a good idea to secure
your own water supply (225)
142
what are the 2 basic options a company has when starting defensive operations
protect the most threatened exposure
| attack the fire building
143
when operating defensively at a single family residence fire, you have already written off the initial building. your ___ objective is to not let the fire spread to any other homes or exposures
strategic
144
who is ems group for
civilians
145
when switching from an offensive to a defensive strategy you must be sure that it is communicated effectively to all operating crews. __ __ will be utilized for any changes of strategy to ensure all personnel are aware of the change
emergency traffic
146
upon receipt of an emergency traffic withdraw order the company officer shall
```
acknowledge the withdraw order
assemble their crews
promptly exit to a safe location
account for all crew members
notify command of par
standby for new orders
```
147
__ should be an organized, rapid exit, generally with your equipment
withdraw
148
__ __ __ action should be used when an immediate exit of interior personnel is paramount to safety
abandon the building
149
dispatch will send an abandon the building order the radio by sounding a high low tone for 5 seconds and all apparatuses will sound their horns for __ seconds
15
150
when will an abandon the building order be given
building collapse
possible explosion
other hazardous conditions or changes that dictate an immediate exit
151
upon notification of an abandon the building order crews will immediately do the following
exit to a safe area
conduct a PAR
report the location and status of crew
