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skeletal Muscle/Muscles Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Muscles contract when

A

electricity is present

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2
Q

Muscles relax when

A

Electricity is absent

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3
Q

Muscle cells are called

A

Muscle fibers

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4
Q

The simple structure of a muscle

A

Muscle> Fascicle> Muscle fiber

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5
Q

Proteins (myofilaments) that help muscles contract

A

Actin (thin) and Myosin (thick)

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle (location)

A

Attached to your bones (ex. face)

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7
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

Movement, maintaining posture, produces heat when it contracts

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle description

A

Found in the heart, has striations, highly interconnected throughout the body,

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle functions

A

mostly involuntary, and pumps blood through arteries and veins

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10
Q

Smooth muscle description

A

Found in organs like: stomach, intestines, blood
vessels, bladder, eye, reproductive organs.
Has no striations

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11
Q

Smooth muscle functions

A

Contracts slowly (peristalsis)
push and digest food.
Contractions to prepare for childbirth

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12
Q

Tendon

A

Connects skeletal tissue to bone

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13
Q

muscle

A

Made up of fascicles

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

CT sheath that surrounds the entire
muscle

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15
Q

Perimysium

A

CT sheath that surrounds each fascicle

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15
Q

Fascicle

A

A bundle of muscle fibers

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16
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

A muscle cell, made of myofibrils

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17
Q

Endomysium

A

CT sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber

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18
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane around each muscle fiber

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19
Q

Myofibril

A

Long proteins that make up each muscle fiber

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20
Q

Sarcomere

A

Line up to form myofibrils
Where contraction happens

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21
Q

Myofilaments

A

Make up sarcomeres
Actin & myosin

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22
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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A

Regulates level of calcium in a muscle fiber

23
Q

T-tubules

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A

part of the sarcolemma that protrudes deep into the muscle fiber interior

24
T-tubules function
Allows for electrical impulses to reach the deepest parts of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
25
Receptors
binding sites on the muscle fiber that receive neurotransmitters
26
Motor neurons
neurons that deliver impulses (messages) from the brain to the muscles; stimulates the skeletal muscle fibers to contract
27
Actions potential
an electrical impulse that travels through a motor neuron
28
Neuromuscular junction:
where a motor neuron and a muscle fiber come together
29
Axon terminal
the end of the axon of a neuron (sends an impulse out)
30
Synaptic cleft
the space between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber
31
Neurotransmitter
a chemical message released by neurons
32
ACH
acetylcholine; the neurotransmitter that motor neurons use to “tell” skeletal muscle to contract!
33
Name all the nine steps of neuromusclar juntionv(9)
1: The brain decides to contract a skeletal muscle 2: Motor neurons carry the action potential down the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle 3: The action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction 4: The action potential causes the axon terminal to release ACh 5: ACh binds to receptors on the sarcolemma 6: The binding causes the action potential to travel down the sarcolemma 7: The action potential travels down the T tubules 8: The sarcoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by the action potential and releases Ca2+ 9: Ca2+ triggers the muscle fiber to contract!
34
name the muscle anatomy
35
Myosin
Thick myofilament Has “heads” to bind to actin Powered by ATP
36
Actin
Thin myofilament Made of 2 actin myofilaments twisted together “Two strands of pearls” Has myosin binding-sites
37
Z line
Boundary between sarcomeres
38
M lines
“Middle line” Holds together the myosin myofilaments
39
I bands
Light bands Contains only thin (actin) filaments
40
H zone
Contains only thick filaments
41
A band
Dark band Contains the entire length of a thick (myosin) filament
42
Label the structure of a sacromere
43
Tropomyosin
Stiffens and stabilizes actin (actin is like a wet noodle) Blocks myosin-binding sites when a muscle is relaxed
44
Troponin structure
Made of 3 subunits * 1 subunit binds it to actin * 1 subunit binds it to tropomyosin * 1 subunit binds to calcium ions
45
Troponin
When a calcium ion binds to troponin, it pulls tropomyosin off of the myosin-binding sites of actin
46
when is a cross bridge formed?
when a myosin head binds to a myosin-binding site on actin
47
How is cross bridging possible?
because an action potential triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions.
48
what happens when a sarcomere is relaxed? (what is blocking what)
tropomyosin is blocking the myosin-binding sites on actin.
49
Describe all steps of cross bridging (using the matching game given) Also name them outloud
50
Characteristics of muscle tissue (4)
Excitability Contrarily extensibility Elasticity
51
describe Excitability
*Muscle’s ability to respond to stimuli (example, when your motor neurons deliver an impulse to your biceps brahii, it contracts)
52
describe Contractility
Muscles ability to shorten (example, when you flex ur elbow join your biceps brachii get shorter)
53
describe Extensibility
*Muscle’s ability to be stretched without tearing (example, whne a gymnast does a split)
54
Elasticity
*Muscle’s ability to return to its original shape (after u stretch your muscles they don't stay in that state)
55
Idenify major muscles (Use game)
poke-a-muscle

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