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A and p > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system? (5)

A

Support: bears the weight of the body
Protection: Encasing essential organs
Storage: Stores minerals to be released to the bloodstream, stores yellow bone marrow
Movement: helps joints move
Manufacturing: Produces red and white blood cells, called hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Types of bones (5)

A

Irregular bones: Vertebrae
Flat bones: Scapula
Long bones: Femur
Sesamoid bones: patella (knee cap)
Short bones: wrist

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3
Q

Long bone anatomical features.

A

Epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Diaphysis
Articular Cartilage
Medullary cavity Yellow bone marrow

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4
Q

Where is compact bone found?

A

outer layer of bone is
made of tough connective
tissue called periosteum. under that is a thick layer of compact bone.

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5
Q

Where is spongy bone found?

A

At the ends of the long bones there is a spongy bone layer under the compact bone

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6
Q

Structure of spongy bone

A

Between the trabeculae
are spaces filled with
marrow or blood
vessels.

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7
Q

How is compact bone arranged

A

They have cylinders called osteons.
Osteons are placed in circles called lamellae
lammale has a canal that has blood vessels and nerves.

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8
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells make up that majority of bone structure

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9
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down bone

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10
Q

Osteoblasts

A

make new bone

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11
Q

Purpose of canaliculi

A

Keep the bones cells connected to nutrients

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12
Q

An embryos skeleton is made of

A

cartilage

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13
Q

What do osteoblasts begin to do in an embryos early development.

A

They make minerals to replace the cartilage, osteoblasts mature into osteocytes

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14
Q

Ossification

A

process of
incorporating calcium &
minerals into cartilage to
become bone

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15
Q

What is the composition of bone? (2)

A

35% organic : provides flexibility and strength to bones from breaking.
65% Inorganic: Provides bone hardness and strength.

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16
Q

What hormone is produced when calcium levels are too low?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
(from the Parathyroid glands)
Osteoclasts break down bone to make calcium

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17
Q

What hormone is produced when calcium levels are too high?

A

Calcitonin (from the Thyroid
gland)
Calcium from blood is absorbed into bones

18
Q

How is broken bone repaired? (5)

A

Blood enters the wound.
Blood vessels grow, cartilage forms to hold bone. Spongy bone replaces cartilage. Osteoclasts form a
larger medullary cavity.
Spongy bone is converted to
compact bone.

19
Q

What are the two major sections of the skeleton?

A

Axial: skull, ribs, vertebrae, central axis of the body
Appendicular: Bones of arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders

20
Q

List the entire skeletal system

A

use diagram

21
Q

Name the bones of the skull.

A

do that

22
Q

Name and label the three sections of the spine

A

Top to bottom:
Cervial
Thoracic
Lumbar

sacrum and coccyx on the bottom

23
Q

Name the three structural joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

24
Q

Fibrous joints

A

*Immovable or slightly movable
*Held together by fibrous
connective tissue
Example: cranium bones

25
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

*Immovable or slightly movable
*Held together by cartilage
example: ribs and vertebrae

26
Q

Synovial joints

A

*Highly movable
*Contain synovial fluid for
frictionless movement

27
Q

Structure of synovial joints

A

*A joint capsule filled with
synovial fluid surrounds the
end of the bones.
*Ligaments- connect bone to
bone
*Tendons- connect muscle to
bone

28
Q

Types of synovial joints(6)

A

Saddle joint
Condylar joint
Gliding/plane joint
Ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint

29
Q

Saddle joint

A

near the wrist, between the carpal bone

30
Q

Condylar joint

A

Between radius and carpal bones of wrist (before saddle joint) first

31
Q

Gliding/plane joint

A

Between tarsal bones (in food)

32
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Hip bones

33
Q

Hinge joint

A

elbow

34
Q

Pivot joint

A

Between C1 and C2 vertebrae (turning head)

35
Q

Name the types of fractures (6)

A

Transverse
Oblique
Comminuted
Avulsed
Spiral
Greenstick

36
Q

Transverse fracture

A

The fracture line is
perpendicular to the shaft of the bone
(Clean straight cut through bone)

37
Q

Oblique fracture

A

The fracture line is on an angle through the bone

38
Q

Comminuted fractures

A

The bone is broken into three or more pieces

39
Q

Avulsed fracture

A

A tendon or ligament pulls a fragment of bone away

40
Q

Spiral fracture

A

The bone is broken in a spiral pattern due to twisting or rotational
force

41
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

The bone is bent, but not broken all the way through

42
Q

Label anatomy of synovial joint

A

A and p (9 decks)

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