Nervous system

Question 1

simple functions of the nervous system (3)

Answer 1

Ultimate control center:
sensory input
Integration
motor output

Question 2

sensory input

Answer 2

receives stimuli via millions of sensory receptors throughout the body

Question 3

Integration

Answer 3

processes the
input stimuli and decides
what should be done

Question 4

Motor Output:

Answer 4

activates
effector organs to cause a
response

Question 5

What is the nervous system mainly composed of

Answer 5

nervous tissue

Question 6

Nervous tissue is densely packed with

Answer 6

Neurons and neuroglia

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

excitable cells that respond to
stimuli by conducting
impulses to transmit signals

Question 8

Neuroglia

Answer 8

supportive cells that provide
nutrition, insulation, and help with signal
transmission

Question 9

Neuron structure anatomy

Answer 9

Soma (cell body)
dendrites
axon
axon terminal
nucleus
myelin sheath

Question 10

three classifications of neurons by structure (based on number of processes)

Answer 10

Multipolar: meaning 3 or more processes
Bipolar: 2 processes
unipolar: 1 process

Question 11

three classifications of neurons by function(3)

Answer 11

motor neurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
(afferent)

Question 12

Do organization table

Answer 12

(pns)
sensory motor
somatic autonomic
Sympathetic
parasympathetic

Question 13

ventricles

Answer 13

hollow fluid-filled cavities within brain that contain choroid plexus which makes cerebrospinal fluid

Question 14

label brain

Answer 14

do it

Question 15

sensory (afferent) division

Answer 15

Receives sensory stimuli
to send back to
CNS/brain

Question 16

Motor (Efferent) division

Answer 16

Sends out information
from the brain to
effector organs like
muscles

Question 17

somatic

Answer 17

Controls voluntary
movements

Question 18

autonomic

Answer 18

Controls involuntary
movements of the heart,
lungs, stomach,

Question 19

parasympathetic

Answer 19

Calms you down; “rest and digest” division;
maintains your body and conserves energy for later

Question 20

sympathetic

Answer 20

Excites you/amps
you up: “fight or flight” division. Set up so that 1 stress signal 🡪 responses in multiple
effector organs at once
Focuses on what your body needs to do RIGHT NOW

Question 21

Mechanoreceptors:

Answer 21

mechanical force, like vibration,
pressure, stretch, and touch

Question 22

Thermoreceptors:

Answer 22

change in temperature

Question 23

Photoreceptors:

Answer 23

light

Question 24

Chemoreceptors:

Answer 24

chemicals

Question 25

Nociceptors:

Answer 25

pain

Question 26

5 components to a reflex arc:

Answer 26

1. Receptor: site of stimulus 2. Sensory neuron: transmits impulse from PNS to CNS 3. Integration center: “decodes” the signal at a synapse (or multiple synapses) 4. Motor neuron: conducts impulses to an effector organ 5. Effector: responds by contracting (if a muscle cell) or secreting (if a gland)

Question 27

Nerve:

Answer 27

a bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 28

CNS Location and function

Answer 28

brain and spinal cord integration and control center

Question 29

PNS

Answer 29

Spinal and cranial nerves Communication system between the CNS and the rest of the body

Question 30

brain stem function

Answer 30

Relays info between rest of the brain and the spinal cord Coordinates a lot of automatic functions like respiration, circulation, body temperature, sleep, digestion, and swallowing

Question 31

cerebellum

Answer 31

Maintains posture and balance Coordinates timing and patterns for smooth and agile subconscious movements

Question 32

Frontal lobe function

Answer 32

voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions.

Question 33

parietal lobe function

Answer 33

receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain

Question 34

Temporal lobe

Answer 34

managing your emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language.

Question 35

occipital lobe function

Answer 35

interpreting the visual world around the body, such as the shape, color, and location of an object

Question 36

Astrocytes location and role

Answer 36

cns, regulate blood flow, supply building blocks for neurotransmitters nueral metabolism.

Question 37

ependymal cell location and role

Answer 37

Cns, protects spinal cord, keeps homeostasis of cerespinal fluid

Question 38

microglial cell location and role

Answer 38

CNS, regulate brain development, maintance of reward networks and injury repair

Question 39

oligodendrocytes cell location and role

Answer 39

CNS, allow for the fast transfer of neural communication

Question 40

satellite cell location and role

Answer 40

PNS, supply nutrients to surrounding neurons

Question 41

Schwan cell location and role

Answer 41

PNS, they maintain the PNS and regeneration of axons of the neurons in that system