Skeletal system Flashcards
(51 cards)
5 functions of bones?
Support Protection Movement Storage RBC production
What is the axial skeleton? Name them.
Bones on or attached to midline of the body
Skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
Vertebral regions..?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the front & hind limbs + pectoral & pelvic girdle
Name the front (thoracic) limbs
Thoracic girdle, brachium, antebrachium, carpus, metacarpus, phalanges
Name the hind (pelvic) limbs
Pelvic girdle, thigh, crus, tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges (digit)
Define compact bone
hard layer covering most bones (covers most of shaft on long bones) - cortex
Define cancellous bone
Spongy bone - composed of spicules forming porous network (inside long bone)
Define medullary cavity
Space filled with marrow
Red marrow in young animals
Yellow (fatty) marrow as animal ages
Define epiphysis
Either end of long bone (proximal/distal)
Define diaphysis
Cylindrical shaft between two epiphyses (in long bone)
Define metaphysis
In mature bone - flared area adjacent to epiphysis (widest part of bone)
Define epiphyseal cartilage/disk/plate
Layer of hyaline cartilage separating epiphysis & diaphysis in immature bone
Define articular
Relating to joints
Define articular cartilage
Thin hyaline layer covering articular surface of bone - reduces friction
Define periosteum
fibrous membrane covering surface of bone except where articular cartilage is
Define endosteum
Tough, fibrous membrane lining marrow cavity & osteonal canals of bone
What does compact bone surround?
Cortex surrounding marrow
Bones can receive how much blood supply?
Up to 10% CO
Nerves in bone do what?
Influence blood vessels & sensory
Properties of osteocytes
Maintain protein & mineral content of matrix & involved in bone repair
Can not divide
Properties of osteoblasts
Increase [calcium phosphate] -> Ca deposition -> bone growth
Properties of osteoclasts
Breakdown of bone
Important in Ca & PO4 (phosphate) regulation
Define endochondral
When bone replaces cartilaginous model (long bone)