Skeletal system

Question 1

Skeletal system functions

Answer 1

supports body
facilitates movement
protects internal organs
produces blood cells
stores and releases minerals + fat

Question 2

Yellow marrow

Answer 2

contains adipose tissue

triglycerides in adipocytes = energy source

Question 3

Red marrow

Answer 3

site of haematopoiesis (production of blood cells)

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

cylindrical
longer than wide
name describes shape not size
eg. femur, metacarpals, phalanges
function = levers

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

cube-like
approximately equal in length, width + thickness
eg. carpals of wrist, tarsals of ankle
function = stability + support

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

typically thin + curved
eg. cranial bones, scapulae, sternum, ribs
function = points of attachment for muscles + often protect internal organs

Question 7

Irregular bones

Answer 7

does not fit any other classification
no easily characterised shape
eg. vertebra, facial bones

Question 8

Sesamoid bones

Answer 8

small, round (shaped like sesame seed)
embedded in tendons
eg. patellae
function = protect tendons from compressive forces

Question 9

Bony joints

Answer 9

bones connected by bone

eg. pelvis

Question 10

Fibrous joints

Answer 10

bones connected by fibres

eg. skull

Question 11

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 11

bones connected by cartilage

eg. symphysis pubis

Question 12

Synovial joints

Answer 12

smooth articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage (reduced friction between bones)
joint capsule surrounds joint (usually contains supportive ligaments)
joint capsule lines by synovial membrane (secretes synovial fluid)
multiple different types

Question 13

Synovial joint types

Answer 13

hinge eg. elbow
ball + socket eg. gleno-humeral
saddle eg. CMC joint of thumb
pivot eg. radioulnar
plane/gliding eg. intercarpal
ellipsoid eg. radiocarpal