Skeletal System

Question 1

how many bones do we have?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

the skeletal system is divided into…

Answer 2

the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 3

axial skeleton
- how many bones?

Answer 3

consists of 80 bones and includes the vertebral column, rib cage, sternum, skull, and hyoid bone

Question 4

vertebral column
- how many vertebrae?

Answer 4

consists of 33 vertebrae classified as cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, and sacral vertebrae

Question 5

rib cage

Answer 5

12 paired ribs, 10 pairs of true ribs and 2 pairs of floating ribs

Question 6

sternum

Answer 6

consists of manubrium, corpus sterni, and xiphoid process

Question 7

ossicles

Answer 7

bones in the middle ear

Question 8

hyoid bone

Answer 8

provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles

Question 9

what vital organs does the axial skeleton protect?

Answer 9

brain, heart, lungs

Question 10

appendicular skeleton
- how many bones?

Answer 10

consists of 126 bones including the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and appendages

Question 11

pectoral girdle

Answer 11

consists of scapulae (shoulders) and clavicles (collarbones)

Question 12

pelvic girdle

Answer 12

2 hip bones which attach to the sacrum

Question 13

upper appendages

Answer 13

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 14

lower appendages

Answer 14

femur, patella, fibula, tibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 15

how are joints classified

Answer 15

according to range of motion and the material that holds the joint together

Question 16

fibrous joints
- types/ range of motion of each (example)

Answer 16

held together by fibrous connective tissue
- suture: immovable (skull)
gomphosis: immovable (teeth)
syndesmosis: slightly movable (distal tibiofibular joint)

Question 17

cartilaginous joints
- types/ range of motion of each (example)

Answer 17

held together by cartilage
- synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage, nearly immovable (first rib)
symphysis: fibrocartilage, slightly movable (intervertebral discs)

Question 18

synovial joints
- types/ range of motion of each (example)

Answer 18

the most common type of joint, characterized by a joint cavity filled w fluid
- pivot: allows rotation (atlantoaxial joints)
hinge: allows movement in one plane (knee)
saddle: allows pivoting in 2 planes and axial rotation (trapezium)
gliding: allows sliding (carpals)
condyloid: allows pivoting in 2 planes but no axial rotation (radiocarpal joint)
ball and socket: have the highest range of motion (hip)

Question 19

syntharthosis joints
- range of motion
- example

Answer 19

either fibrous or cartilaginous
- immovable
- teeth

Question 20

amphiarthrosis joints
- range of motion
- example

Answer 20

either fibrous or cartilaginous
- slight movement
- intervertebral discs

Question 21

diarthrosis
- range of motion
- example

Answer 21

always synovial
- free movement
- wrist

Question 22

each muscle is attached to 2 bones: ____

Answer 22

the origin and the insertion

Question 23

the origin remains ____ and the insertion is the ____

Answer 23

immobile; bone that moves as the muscle contracts and relaxes

Question 24

• the cranium protects the ____
• the vertebrae protects the ____
• the pelvis protects the ____

Answer 24

• brain
• spinal cord
• reproductive organs

Question 25

red marrow

Answer 25

manufactures red and white blood cells

Question 26

all bone marrow is....

Answer 26

red at birth, but adults have approx. one half red bone marrow and one half yellow bone marrow

Question 27

yellow bone marrow

Answer 27

stores fat

Question 28

the skeletal system provides a reservoir to store ...

Answer 28

calcium and phosphorus

Question 29

what 4 ways can bones be classified?

Answer 29

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 30

bones are a connective tissue with a base of ____ containing ____ and living cells

Answer 30

pulp; collagen

Question 31

intervertebral discs - what happens if these discs experience trauma?

Answer 31

provide cushioning for the backbone - they will herniate

Question 32

synovial joints

Answer 32

freely movable, most common joints

Question 33

cartilaginous joints

Answer 33

fill the spaces between some bones and restrict movement

Question 34

fibrous joints

Answer 34

have fibrous tissue connecting bones and no cavity is present

Question 35

what are the 2 types of connective bone tissue?

Answer 35

compact and spongy bone

Question 36

compact bone - AKA?

Answer 36

consists of tightly packed cells, is strong and dense - cortical bone

Question 37

haversian canals - lamellae - lacunae - all 3 of these are known as?

Answer 37

runs vertically through compact bone - concentric circles of bone that surround haversian canals - spaces between lamellae - haversian system