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ZOOT 1100 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of bones (5)

A

Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection of internal tissues/ organs, leverage

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2
Q

Dense or cortical, with a hard exterior layer
Almost forms the entire shaft

A

Compact bones

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3
Q

Spongy bones

A

Cancellous bones

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4
Q

Space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone

A

Medullary cavity /marrow cavity

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5
Q

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the joint of a bone

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

Membrane that covers the surface of a bone

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

Which location does periosteum not cover

A

Articular cartilage

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8
Q

Membrane that lines the marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

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9
Q

Bone-producing cells

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

For remodeling/ repair after fracture

A

Osteoblasts

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11
Q

Bone - destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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12
Q

In young animals, the medullary cavity is filled with a _____ which is gradually replaced by a _____ as it ages

A

Red marrow, yellow marrow

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13
Q

It function as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension

A

Long bones

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14
Q

Interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces

A

Short bones

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15
Q

Bones that contain air spaces/ sinuses

A

Pneumatic bones

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16
Q

Layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis that separates the diaphysis from epiphysis of an immature bone

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

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17
Q

Either end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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18
Q

Shaft of a long bone between two epiphyses

A

Diaphysis

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19
Q

Flared area adjacent to the epiphysis of a mature bonet

A

Metaphysis.

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20
Q

Area where the cortical bone become thinner

A

Metaphysis

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21
Q

Area in which a bone can increase in length

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

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22
Q

Maintains bone tissue

A

Osteocyte

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23
Q

Cuboid or approximately equal in all dimensions

A

Short bones

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24
Q

Bone protection of vital organs

A

Flat bones

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25
Bones in neck, back, chest,head
Axial skeleton
26
Contain the middle and inner ears
Temporal bones
27
Supports the brain and pituitary gland
Sphenoid bone
28
Presents numerous openings for passage of the olfactory nerves
Ethmoid bone
29
Separates the nasal passages
Vomer bone
30
Bounded dorsally by the nasal bones
Nasal cavity
31
Contains all of the lower teeth and gives attachment to some of the muscles associated with chewing and swallowing
Mandible
32
Contain the teeth of the upper dental arcade
Maxilla and incisive bones
33
Animal with most cervical vertebrae
Chicken
34
First cervical vertebra
Atlas
35
Second cervical vertebra
Axis
36
Accommodate the large range of motion of the neck
Cervical vertebrae
37
Well-developed spinous processes and articular facets for the ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
38
Large, flat transverse process that project laterad
Lumbar vertebrae
39
Fused to form a single wedge -shaped bone, the sacrum
Sacral vertebrae
40
Forms the ventral part of the bony thorax
Sternum
41
Gives attachment to the coastal cartilages of the ribs as well as providing a bony origin for the pectoral muscles
Sternum
42
Cranial extremity of the sternum
Manubrium
43
Middle portion of the sternum
Body
44
Caudal extremity of the stemum
Xiphoid process
45
Form the lateral walls of the bony thorax
Ribs
46
Arm bone
Humerus
47
Shoulder blade
Scapula
48
Collarbone
Clavicle
49
Bones of the true leg
Tibia and fibula
50
Corresponds to the human ankle
Tarsus
51
Rostal bone in swine
Os rostri
52
Cardiac skeleton of bovine
Os cordis
53
Penile bone in the canine family, also in gorilla and chimpanzee
Os penis
54
Ads sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration
Os penis
55
The thickest and strongest portion of the sternum
Manubrium
56
What role do collagen and glycosaminoglycans play in bone composition?
Provide resilience and toughness to bones
57
They provide resilience and toughness to bones
Collagen and glycosiminoglycans
58
2 main types of bone composition
Organic framework Inorganic component
59
Classifications of bones (6)
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Sesamoid bones Pneumatic bones Irregular bones
60
Functions of sesamoid bones
Reduce friction Increase leverage Change the direction of pull
61
Functions of long bones
Levers, aid in support, locomotion, and pretension
62
Unpaired bones on the median plane
Irregular bones
63
Bones that provide protection, support, and muscular attachment
Irregular bones
64
3 divisions of the skeleton
Axial Appendicular Visceral
65
Bones that make up the cranial part of the skull (7)
Occipital Parietal Interparietal Frontal Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid
66
What do temporal bones contain?
Middle and inner ears
67
What is the role of the sphenoid bone
Supports brain and pituitary gland
68
Function of ethmoid bone
Provide openings for the passage of olfactory nerves
69
Bony socket that protects the eye
Orbit
70
What is the orbit in skull
Bony socket the protects the eye
71
What bones surround the orbit
Frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones
72
Function of the vomer bone
Separates nasal passages
73
Bony basis of the tail
Caudal vertebrae
74
3 parts of sternum
Manubrium Body Xiphoid process
75
What is the difference between the radius and ulna in mammals in birds?
In mammals, radius is larger than ulna In birds, radius is smaller than ulna
76
Composed of two rows of small bones
Carpus
77
Distal to the carpus
Metacarpus
78
How many digits vary among species?
1-5
79
Phalanges in horses
Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx
80
Coffin bone
Distal phalanx
81
Bones that make up the pelvis
Ilium Ischium Pubis
82
Scroll-like bones that project into the nasal passage
Conchae
83
How many cervical vertebrae do chickens have
14
84
How many cervical vertebrae do domestic animals & humans have (except chicken)
7

ZOOT 1100 (19 decks)

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