Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

The standard reference position used from which all other movements occur.

Question 2

What are the three planes of the body?

Answer 2

Sagittal Plane, Transverse Plane, and Coronal Plane.

Question 3

What does the Sagittal Plane do?

Answer 3

Divides the body into left and right sections.

Question 4

What does the Coronal Plane do?

Answer 4

Divides the body into front and back sections.

Question 5

What does the Transverse Plane do?

Answer 5

Divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Question 6

What does ‘Posterior’ refer to?

Answer 6

Part of the Coronal plane; is behind the reference point.

Question 7

What does ‘Anterior’ refer to?

Answer 7

In front of the reference point; part of the Coronal plane.

Question 8

What does ‘Superior’ refer to?

Answer 8

Part of the Transverse plane; is above the reference point.

Question 9

What does ‘Inferior’ refer to?

Answer 9

Part of the Transverse plane; is below the reference point.

Question 10

What does ‘Medial’ refer to?

Answer 10

Part of the Sagittal plane; closer towards the midline structure.

Question 11

What does ‘Lateral’ refer to?

Answer 11

Part of the Sagittal plane; further away from the midline structure.

Question 12

What does ‘Proximal’ mean?

Answer 12

Nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.

Question 13

What does ‘Distal’ mean?

Answer 13

Further away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.

Question 14

What does ‘Superficial’ mean?

Answer 14

Closer towards the surface of a structure.

Question 15

What does ‘Deep’ mean?

Answer 15

Further away from the surface of a structure.

Question 16

What are the types of muscles?

Answer 16

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth.

Question 17

What is the structure of Skeletal Muscle?

Answer 17

Links two bones across a connecting joint, has a striped appearance, moves the skeleton (voluntary control), and is attached to bones via tendons.

Question 18

What are the types of twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 18

Fast twitch muscle fibers (white) and Slow twitch muscle fibers (red).

Question 19

What is Reciprocal Inhibition?

Answer 19

Two muscles that work together; one muscle will relax so the other can contract.

Question 20

Give an example of Reciprocal Inhibition.

Answer 20

When you curl your bicep, your triceps must relax so the bicep can contract.

Question 21

What is the Origin tendon?

Answer 21

Attached to the stationary bone and is usually at the proximal end.

Question 22

What is the Insertion tendon?

Answer 22

Attached to the movable bone and is usually at the distal end.

Question 23

How do muscles produce movement?

Answer 23

By contracting and pulling.

Question 24

How does Reciprocal Inhibition work?

Answer 24

When the first muscle (agonist) contracts, the second muscle (antagonist) will relax.

Question 25

What is a Tendon?

Answer 25

Joins the muscle to the bone.

Question 26

What is the Epimysium?

Answer 26

Connective tissue sheath surrounding each muscle.

Question 27

What is the Perimysium?

Answer 27

Connective tissue surrounding each fascicle.

Question 28

What is a Fascicle?

Answer 28

Bundle of muscle fibers surrounding each individual muscle fiber.

Question 29

What is the Endomysium?

Answer 29

Connective tissue surrounding each individual muscle fiber.

Question 30

What is a Muscle Fiber?

Answer 30

Muscle cell made up of hundreds of myofibrils.

Question 31

What are Myofibrils?

Answer 31

Small thread-like strands that run the length of each muscle fiber; made up of sarcomeres.

Question 32

What are Sarcomeres?

Answer 32

Highly organized structure of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) protein filaments; joined end to end.

Question 33

What is the Cranium?

Answer 33

Skull.

Question 34

What is the Clavicle?

Answer 34

Collarbone.

Question 35

What is the Scapula?

Answer 35

Shoulder blade.

Question 36

What is the Sternum?

Answer 36

Breast bone.

Question 37

What is the Humerus?

Answer 37

Upper arm bone.

Question 38

What is the Radius?

Answer 38

Forearm bone (thumb side).

Question 39

What is the Ulna?

Answer 39

Forearm bone (pinky side).

Question 40

What are Carpals?

Answer 40

Wrist bones.

Question 41

What are Metacarpals?

Answer 41

Hand bones.

Question 42

What are Phalanges?

Answer 42

Finger bones.

Question 43

What is the Pelvis?

Answer 43

Hip bones.

Question 44

What are Vertebrae?

Answer 44

Spinal bones.

Question 45

What is the Patella?

Answer 45

Kneecap.

Question 46

What is the Tibia?

Answer 46

Shin bone.

Question 47

What is the Fibula?

Answer 47

Calf bone.

Question 48

What are Tarsals?

Answer 48

Ankle bones.

Question 49

What are Metatarsals?

Answer 49

Foot bones.

Question 50

What are Synovial Joints?

Answer 50

Most common joints in the body; contain synovial fluid which eases movement and lubricates the joint.

Question 51

What is a Hinge joint?

Answer 51

Permits movement in one direction like a door hinge (e.g., elbow, knee).

Question 52

What is a Ball and socket joint?

Answer 52

Allows movement in all directions (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Question 53

What is a Pivot joint?

Answer 53

Allows rotation around a single axis (e.g., joint between the atlas and axis in the neck).

Question 54

What is a Condyloid joint?

Answer 54

Enables movement in two planes but no rotation (e.g., wrist joint).

Question 55

What is a Saddle joint?

Answer 55

Permits movement in two directions and provides more stability (e.g., thumb joint).

Question 56

What is a Gliding joint?

Answer 56

Allows bones to slide over one another with limited movement (e.g., joints between carpals in the wrist).

Question 57

What are Fibrous joints?

Answer 57

No movement; bones are connected by connective tissue.

Question 58

What are Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 58

Limited movement; bones are connected by cartilage.

Question 59

What is the Axial skeleton?

Answer 59

Forms the base central structure to support and protect the remainder of the skeleton.

Question 60

What is the Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 60

Assists with movement and includes all major limbs.

Question 61

What is the support function of bones?

Answer 61

Provides framework and support for the body and gives it shape.

Question 62

What is the protection function of bones?

Answer 62

Protects vital organs e.g. the skull.

Question 63

What is the movement function of bones?

Answer 63

Provides attachment points; when the muscle contracts, the bone inserts, and it moves.

Question 64

What is the storage function of bones?

Answer 64

Responsible for storing essential minerals such as calcium.

Question 65

What is the production function of bones?

Answer 65

Produces red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 66

What are Long bones?

Answer 66

Have a greater length than width and are slightly curved for strength.

Question 67

What are Short bones?

Answer 67

Roughly cubed-shaped and have approximately equal length and width.

Question 68

What are Flat bones?

Answer 68

Have a thin structure and provide mechanical protection and extensive surfaces for muscle attachments.

Question 69

What are Irregular bones?

Answer 69

Have complicated shapes; their shapes are due to the functions they fulfill within the body.

Question 70

What is Flexion?

Answer 70

Decreasing the angle between two bones.

Question 71

What is Extension?

Answer 71

Increasing the angle between two bones.

Question 72

What is Abduction?

Answer 72

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Question 73

What is Adduction?

Answer 73

Movement towards the midline of the body.

Question 74

What is Pronation?

Answer 74

Turning the palm downwards (radius and ulna are crossed).

Question 75

What is Supination?

Answer 75

Turning the palm upwards (radius and ulna are parallel).

Question 76

What is Eversion?

Answer 76

Turning the sole of your foot outwards at an angle.

Question 77

What is Inversion?

Answer 77

Turning the sole of your foot inwards at the ankle.

Question 78

What is Dorsiflexion?

Answer 78

Pointing the toes upwards towards the tibia.

Question 79

What is Plantarflexion?

Answer 79

Pointing the toes away from the tibia.

Question 80

What is Rotation?

Answer 80

The movement of bones around a central axis.

Question 81

What is Circumduction?

Answer 81

A cone-shaped rotation around a pivot joint.

Question 82

What is the Femur?

Answer 82

Thigh bone.