Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the five functions of bone?

Answer 1

Support, Protect, Produce Blood, Leverage, Storage

Question 2

What are the three cells found in bone?

Answer 2

Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

Question 3

What do osteoblasts do?

Answer 3

Form Bone Tissue/Compose Inner Layer of Periosteum

Question 4

What are osteocytes?

Answer 4

Mature Osteoblasts/Trapped in Lacunae

Question 5

What do osteoclasts do?

Answer 5

Remodel/Breakdown Bones

Question 6

What are the two types of bone formations?

Answer 6

Endochondral, Intramembranous

Question 7

What does the endochondral bone process do?

Answer 7

Grows bones that replace cartilage

Question 8

Where does the endochondral bone process happen?

Answer 8

Most of the bones

Question 9

Where does the intramembranous bone process happen?

Answer 9

Skull

Question 10

What are the two types of bone structure?

Answer 10

Compact, Cancellous

Question 11

Where are compact bones found?

Answer 11

Shafts of bones, outer layer of bones

Question 12

Where are cancellous bones found?

Answer 12

Within the bones

Question 13

What are the features of cancellous bone?

Answer 13

Spongy and Light

Question 14

What are the features of compact bone?

Answer 14

Heavy and Dense

Question 15

What are cylinder shaped structures found within the bone that form around blood vessels called?

Answer 15

Haversion System

Question 16

What is the Haversian Canal?

Answer 16

Canal that runs blood vessels in bone vertically

Question 17

What is the Volkman’s Canal?

Answer 17

Canal that runs blood vessels in bone horizontally

Question 18

What is the area called that houses osteocytes?

Answer 18

Lacunae

Question 19

What consists of two layers that surround an entire bone?

Answer 19

Periosteum

Question 20

What does the endosteum surround?

Answer 20

Medullary Cavity

Question 21

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 21

Prevents hypocalcemia/Removes Calcium from Bones

Question 22

Does yellow bone marrow produce blood cells?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Does red bone marrow produce blood cells?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What is yellow bone marrow mostly composed of?

Answer 24

Adipose Connective Tissue

Question 25

What is red bone marrow mostly composed of?

Answer 25

Hemopoietic Tissue/Red Blood Cells

Question 26

What animals are known to mostly have yellow bone marrow?

Answer 26

Mature

Question 27

What animals are known to mostly have red bone marrow?

Answer 27

Young

Question 28

How many cervical vertebral bones do dogs have?

Answer 28

7

Question 29

How many cervical vertebral bones do horses have?

Answer 29

7

Question 30

How many thoracic vertebral bones do dogs have?

Answer 30

13

Question 31

How many thoracic vertebral bones do horses have?

Answer 31

18

Question 32

How many lumbar vertebral bones do dogs have?

Answer 32

7

Question 33

How many lumbar vertebral bones do horses have?

Answer 33

6

Question 34

How many sacral vertebral bones do dogs have?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

How many sacral vertebral bones do horses have?

Answer 35

5

Question 36

How many caudal/coccygeal bones do dogs have?

Answer 36

20-23

Question 37

How many caudal/coccygeal bones do horses have?

Answer 37

15-21

Question 38

What does the prefix "myelo-" refer to?

Answer 38

Bone Marrow/Spinal Cord

Question 39

What does the suffix "-clast" mean?

Answer 39

Break

Question 40

What does the suffix "-blast" mean?

Answer 40

Produce

Question 41

What does the prefix "costo-" refer to?

Answer 41

Ribs

Question 42

What does hematopoeisis mean?

Answer 42

Production of Blood Cells

Question 43

What does cortex mean?

Answer 43

Outer

Question 44

What does medulla mean?

Answer 44

Inner/Middle

Question 45

What are the three skeleton categories?

Answer 45

Axial, Appendicular, Visceral

Question 46

What bones can be found in the axial skeleton?

Answer 46

Skull/Ribs/Vertebral Column

Question 47

What bones can be found in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 47

Forelimbs/Hindlimbs

Question 48

What bones can be found in the visceral skeleton?

Answer 48

Os rostra/os penis/os cordis

Question 49

What are the four shapes of bones?

Answer 49

Long, Short, Irregular, Flat

Question 50

What bone shape category describes bones that are longer than wide?

Answer 50

Long Bones

Question 51

What is an example of a long bone?

Answer 51

Femur

Question 52

What bone shape category describes bones that are cuboidal, or look more like cubes?

Answer 52

Short Bones

Question 53

What is an example of a short bone?

Answer 53

Carpus/Tarsus Bones

Question 54

What bone shape category describes bones that do not fit in any other category because they are weird shaped?

Answer 54

Irregular Bones

Question 55

What is an example of an irregular shaped bone?

Answer 55

Pelvis/Vertebrae

Question 56

What bone shape category describes bones that are flat?

Answer 56

Flat Bones

Question 57

What is an example of a flat bone?

Answer 57

Scapula

Question 58

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 58

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 59

Describe fibrous joints.

Answer 59

Immovable, two bones firmly united by fibrous tissue

Question 60

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 60

Splint Bones/Skull

Question 61

Describe cartilaginous joints.

Answer 61

Slightly movable

Question 62

What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 62

Pelvis

Question 63

Describe synovial joints.

Answer 63

Freely movable

Question 64

What is an example of a synovial joint?

Answer 64

Shoulder

Question 65

Which joint movement decreases the angle between two bones?

Answer 65

Flexion

Question 66

Which joint movement increases the angle between two bones?

Answer 66

Extension

Question 67

Which joint movement is away from the body?

Answer 67

Abduction

Question 68

Which joint movement is towards the body?

Answer 68

Adduction

Question 69

What joint movement is twisting?

Answer 69

Rotation

Question 70

What joint movement is twisting in a circle?

Answer 70

Circumduction

Question 71

What is a condyle on a bone?

Answer 71

Large, Cylinder shaped articular surface

Question 72

What is a head on a bone?

Answer 72

Spherical articular surface on proximal ends of long bones

Question 73

What is a foramen on a bone?

Answer 73

Hole

Question 74

What is a fossa on a bone?

Answer 74

Indention

Question 75

What is a process on a bone?

Answer 75

Projections

Question 76

What are the two rules for naming anatomical joints?

Answer 76

1. Start with the most proximal | 2. Must include all bones articulating

Question 77

List the bones of the thoracic limb starting from most proximal.

Answer 77

``` Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal Bones Metacarpal Bones Phalanges ```

Question 78

List the bones of the pelvic limb starting from the most proximal.

Answer 78

``` Pelvis Femur Fibula Tibia Tarsal Bones Metatarsal Bones Phalanges ```

Question 79

List the vertebral regions in order starting with most cranial.

Answer 79

``` Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Bones Coccygeal ```

Question 80

What does the prefix "articulo-" refer to?

Answer 80

Joints

Question 81

What does diarthrosis mean?

Answer 81

Freely movable synovial joint

Question 82

What does amphiarthrosis mean?

Answer 82

Slightly movable joint

Question 83

What does synarthrosis mean?

Answer 83

Suture of a bone

Question 84

What does the prefix "brachio-" refer to?

Answer 84

Arm

Question 85

What does brachium mean?

Answer 85

Humerus

Question 86

What does antebrachium mean?

Answer 86

Radius

Question 87

What is the term for the area of the rear limb between the stifle and the hock?

Answer 87

Crus

Question 88

What is the term for the two bands of connective tissue that attach the penis to the pelvis?

Answer 88

Crura

Question 89

What is the manus?

Answer 89

Front Paw

Question 90

What is the pes?

Answer 90

Rear Paw

Question 91

What does crural mean?

Answer 91

Pertaining to the leg or thigh