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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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2
Q

Which one of the four types of primary tissues have the following functions:

  • Cover & Line other Tissues
  • Protect Underlying Tissues
  • May Absorb, Secrete, or Excrete Biochemical Substances
  • May Play a Role in Reception of Sensory Input
A

Epithelial Tissue

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3
Q

What is an example of (location) epithelial tissue?

A

Skin

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4
Q

What does avascular mean?

A

Doesn’t have it’s own blood supply

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5
Q

On an epithelial cell, which surface faces the lumen or outside of the organ?

A

Apical Surface

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6
Q

On an epithelial cell, which surface faces the basal lamina and blood vessels?

A

Basal Surface

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7
Q

Most epithelial cells are innervated. What does innervated mean?

A

Provides sensory input to the nervous system

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8
Q

On an epithelial cell, which surfaces are connected to neighboring cells by junctional complexes?

A

Lateral Surface

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue is classified by which three characteristics?

A

Number of Layers of Cells, Shape of Cells, Surface Specializations

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10
Q

What are the two groups of the epithelial characteristic “number of layers of cells”?

A

Simple, Stratified

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11
Q

How many layers of epithelial cells does a “simple” tissue have?

A

One

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12
Q

How many layers of epithelial cells does a “stratified” tissue have?

A

Many

Think stadium seats

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13
Q

What are the three groups of the epithelial characteristic “Shape of Cells”?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

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14
Q

What shape are squamous epithelial cells?

A

Flat

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15
Q

What shape are cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Square/Cubed

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16
Q

What shape are columnar epithelial cells?

A

Rectangular

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17
Q

What are the three groups of the epithelial characteristic “Surface Specializations”?

A

Smooth, Microvilli, Cilia, Keratin

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18
Q

Which epithelial surface specialization increases cell surface area for absorption/secretion?

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

Where can the epithelial surface specialization “microvilli” be found?

A

GI Tract

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20
Q

Which epithelial surface specialization coordinates beats for propulsion? (hairlike)

A

Cilia

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21
Q

Where can the epithelial surface specialization “cilia” be found?

A

Respiratory Tract

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22
Q

Which epithelial surface specialization is used to protect and waterproof?

A

Keratin

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23
Q

Where can the epithelial surface specialization “keratin” be found?

A

Skin

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24
Q

`What does “simple squamous epithelium” mean?

A

Epithelial Tissue with One Layer of Flat Cells

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25
What type of epithelium is described below? - Fragile, Thin Cells - Flat & Smooth - Found lining surfaces involved in the passage of either gas or liquid
Simple Squamous Epithelium
26
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
Lining Blood Vessels/Alveoli of Lungs
27
What does "simple cuboidal epithelium" mean?
Epithelial Tissue with One Layer of Cubed/Square Cells
28
What type of epithelium is described below? - Single Layer of Cube-Shaped Cells - Round, dark-staining nuclei which are aligned in a single row - Occur in areas of the body where secretion and absorption take place
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
29
Where can "simple cuboidal epithelium" be found?
Surface of Ovaries/Tubules of Kidneys
30
What does "simple columnar epithelium" mean?
Epithelial Tissue with One Layer of Rectangular Cells
31
What type of epithelium is described below? - Elongated cells that are tightly packed together - Nuclei aligned in a row at the base of the cell - Found in many excretory ducts as well as in the digestive tract
Simple Columnar Epithelium
32
Where can "simple columnar epithelium" be found?
Uterine Tubes/ Entire Lining of GI Tract
33
What type of cell is found in the respiratory or intestinal tracts that secrete mucus?
Goblet Cells
34
What does "stratified squamous epithelium" mean?
Epithelial Tissue with Many Layers of Flat Cells
35
What type of epithelium is described below? - Multilayered - Occur in areas of the body subject to mechanical and chemical stress - Protect the underlying tissues
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
36
Where can "stratified squamous epithelium" be found?
Epidermis of Skin/Mouth/Esophagus
37
What does "stratified cuboidal epithelium" mean?
Epithelial Tissue with Many Layers of Square/Cubed Cells
38
What type of epithelium is described below? - Usually two layers of cuboidal cells - Found primarily along large excretory ducts - Protects underlying tissues
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
39
Where can "stratified cuboidal epithelium" be found?
Salivary Glands/Mammary Glands
40
Which type of epithelium usually contains cilia?
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
41
What type of epithelium is described below? - Cells’ nuclei are found at different levels across the length of the tissue - Some cells do not reach the luminal surface - Found in respiratory tract and portions of the male reproductive tract - Often have cilia
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
42
What type of epithelium is described below? - Stratified epithelium with a basal layer of cuboidal or columnar cells and a superficial layer of cuboidal or squamous cells - Found in areas of the body required to expand and contract as part of their normal function
Transitional Epithelium
43
Where can "transitional epithelium" be found?
Kidney/Bladder
44
What are the two types of connective tissues?
Proper, Specialized
45
What two components do all connective tissues have?
Cells, Matrix
46
Which type of connective tissue is the largest classification?
Connective Tissue Proper
47
What are the two sub categories of connective tissue proper?
Loose, Dense
48
What are the three categories are found in specialized connective tissue?
Bone, Blood, Cartilage
49
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
50
Which one of the four primary tissues have the following functions: - Forms metabolic/structural connections between other tissues - Forms a protective sheath around organs and helps insulate the body - Provides the frame that supports the body (bone) - Composes the medium that transports substances from one region of the body to another (blood) - Plays a role in the healing process and in the control of invading microorganisms
Connective Tissue
51
What two substances is the matrix of the connective tissue made of?
Fiber, Ground Substance
52
What are the three types of fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue?
Collagenous, Elastic, Reticular
53
What are the two types of cells found in the connective tissue?
Fixed, Transient
54
What are fixed cells responsible for? | Connective Tissue
Production & Maintenance of Matrix
55
What are transient cells responsible for? | Connective Tissue
Involved in Repair & Protection of Tissues
56
What are the three types of loose connective tissue?
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
57
What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
Elastic, Dense Regular, Dense Irregular
58
Where can "areolar loose connective tissue" be found?
Surrounding every organ
59
Which type of loose connective tissue is highly vascular?
Adipose
60
What does reticular loose connective tissue do?
Forms the Stroma (Framework of Body)
61
What does adipose loose connective tissue do?
Acts as an Energy Storehouse/Thermal Insulator
62
What do dense regular connective tissues make up?
Tendons/Ligaments
63
Where can dense regular connective tissues be found?
Facial Sheets that Cover Muscles
64
What do dense irregular connective tissues do?
Forms Joint Capsules
65
Where can dense irregular connective tissues be found?
Dermis of the skin
66
Where can elastic connective tissues be found?
Between the Vertebrae/Anywhere strectchy
67
Which type of cartilage tissue is the most common type?
Hyaline
68
Where can hyaline cartilage tissues be found?
Most joints/Tracheal Rings/Connections of the Ribs to the Sternum
69
Where can flexible cartilage tissues be found?
Pinnae/Epiglottis
70
Where can fibrocartilage tissue be found?
Knee Joint/Between Spine Vertebrae
71
What type of specialized connective tissue is well vascularized?
Bone
72
What are membranes made of?
Epithelium, Connective Tissue
73
What are the four primary membranes?
Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous, Synovial
74
What do mucous membranes line?
Organs with Connections to the Outside Environment
75
Where can mucous membranes be found?
Mouth/Intestines/Vagina/Nasal Passages
76
What do serous membranes line?
Cavity walls and covers organs
77
Where can serous membrane be found?
Lining the Chest Cavity
78
What do cutaneous membranes line?
The Body
79
Where can cutaneous membrane be found?
Skin
80
What do synovial membranes line?
Cavities of Joints
81
Where can synovial membrane be found?
Joints
82
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
83
What type of muscle is described? - Voluntary - Striated - Multiple Nuclei
Skeletal
84
What type of muscle is described? - Involuntary - Striated - Have intercalated disks that help with contraction
Cardiac
85
What type of muscle is described? - Involuntary - Non-Striated - Small - Spindle Shaped
Smooth
86
What does the suffix "-emia" mean?
in the blood

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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