Skeletal System (Bones, Cartilage, & Joints)

Question 1

What are the functions of the bone?

Answer 1

Rigid support
Site of muscle attachment 
Internal organ protection
Storage for calcium 
Continuous blood cell supply

Question 2

What are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 2

Semi-rigid support
Decrease friction
  -hyaline cartilage, specifically 
  -lines articular surfaces of bones within
   synovial joints 
Allow for growth

Question 3

Names of joints like of the elbow and knee

Answer 3

Synovial

Question 4

A word that means related to joints:

Answer 4

Articular

Question 5

Another word for compact bone

Answer 5

Cortical

Question 6

Where is compact bone likely to be the dominate kind of bone?

Answer 6

Where it is most likely to buckle

Question 7

Spongy or compact is superficial

Answer 7

Compact

Question 8

What is the structural unit of the compact bone?

Answer 8

The osteon

Question 9

What is the hole in the middle of an osteon called?

Answer 9

Central canal

Question 10

Why is there a canal for the osteon?

Answer 10

For vessels and nerves

Question 11

What is the shape of the osteon?

Answer 11

Circular

Question 12

What kind of blood does the artery carry?

Answer 12

Oxygenated

Question 13

What kind of blood does the vein carry?

Answer 13

Deoxygenated

Question 14

What are the blood vessels and nerves in the Central canal for?

Answer 14

To nourish the bone

Question 15

What are the little holes that surround the central canal?

Answer 15

Lacuna

Question 16

What does the lacuna hold?

Answer 16

Osteocytes

Question 17

What are the growth rings that the lacuna is formed of called?

Answer 17

Lamella/lamellae

Question 18

What does spongy bone lack that compact bone has?

Answer 18

Osteons

Question 19

What are the 2 main parts of spongy bone?

Answer 19

Trabeculae and marrow cavities

Question 20

What kind of stress does the trabeculae handle?

Answer 20

Stress from multiple directions

Question 21

What is the shape of trabeculae?

Answer 21

Fine, irregular plates

Question 22

What’s another word for marrow cavities?

Answer 22

Medullary cavities

Question 23

What, other than the osteon, is capable of laying down new bone?

Answer 23

Periosteum

Question 24

What is periosteum made of?

Answer 24

Dense connective tissue

Question 25

What lines the inner surfaces and spicules of spongy bone?

Answer 25

Endosteum

Question 26

Where does the majority and minority of bone blood supply come from?

Answer 26

Endosteal blood vessels (They run with the endosteum) Periosteal blood vessels (superficial to endosteal)

Question 27

What are two gener types of bone development?

Answer 27

Intramembrous and endochondral

Question 28

Stages of intramembrous bone development?

Answer 28

Mesanchymal cells > mineralization> bone

Question 29

Stages of endochondral bone development?

Answer 29

Mesenchymal cells> cartilage model> mineralization> bone

Question 30

What is chondra the root word for?

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

What is the beginning of ossification in a bone usually triggered by?

Answer 31

(Vascular invasion) The invasion of a blood vessel

Question 32

What is the hyaline cartilage that is present inbetween bone and bone as a child?

Answer 32

Epiphyseal plate

Question 33

What does the epiphyseal plate become for an adult?

Answer 33

Articular cartilage

Question 34

Middle area of tubular bone?

Answer 34

Diaphysis

Question 35

Where is the secondary ossification Center for growing bones?

Answer 35

Epiphysis(es)

Question 36

Where are epiphyses on the bone during bone development?

Answer 36

On both ends of tubular bones

Question 37

What is the function of an epiphyseal plate? (Growth plate)

Answer 37

Cartilage-to-bone transition

Question 38

What is the epiphyseal line?

Answer 38

Point of fusion of diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 39

What kinds of bones are humerus and femur?

Answer 39

Tubular

Question 40

What kinds of bones are tarsals and carpals?

Answer 40

Short (cuboidal) bones

Question 41

What kind of bones are cranium bones?

Answer 41

Flat bones

Question 42

What kind of bones are face and vertebrae?

Answer 42

Irregular bones

Question 43

What bones grow within connective tissue?

Answer 43

Sesamoid bones

Question 44

What is another word for joint?

Answer 44

Articulation

Question 45

What is the definition of joint/articulation?

Answer 45

Where two bones meet!

Question 46

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 46

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Question 47

What are fibrous joints united by?

Answer 47

fibrous tissue

Question 48

What are the 3 sub-types of fibrous joints?

Answer 48

Gomphosis Suture Syndesmosis

Question 49

What is an exame of a gomphosis fibrous joints?

Answer 49

The pieces of connective tissue connecting the jawbone to the tooth.

Question 50

What is an example of suture fibrous joint?

Answer 50

The microscopic connective tissue between bone and bone on the cranium

Question 51

What is the common structure of syndesmosis fibrous joints and what is an example of it?

Answer 51

Syndesmoses are usually shaped like a sheet of connective tissues connecting one bone to another bone. Example: connects the radius to the ulna. (interosseous membrane)

Question 52

What is the name of the connective joint the connects the tibia to fibula and the radius to the ulna?

Answer 52

interosseous membrane

Question 53

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 53

Primary (synchondrosis) hyaline cartilage for growing bones that will be replaced by new Secondary (Symphasis) fibrocartilage makes up intervertebral discs and pubis Symphasis

Question 54

What are the four characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 54

- Articular capsule (fibrous layer, synovial membrane) - Cavity filled with synovial fluid - Bones at joint layered with articular cartilage - Supported by ligaments

Question 55

What are the 6 different classifications of joints and their movements?

Answer 55

Pivot- rotation Hinge- flexion/extension Saddle- front to back/side to side (biaxial) Condyloid- wobble side to side/front to back (fingers) Plane- two flat bones sliding Ball and socket- multiaxial

Question 56

What is the bone region that consists of cranium, ribs, sternum and vertebral column called?

Answer 56

Axial skeleton

Question 57

What is the bone region that consists of the pelvic/pectoral girdles and the limbs?

Answer 57

Appendicular skeleton

Question 58

Where and what is pectoral girdle? What advantage does it have?

Answer 58

Articulates with axial skeleton at sternum. Clavicle and scapula. Free range of motion.

Question 59

Where and what is pelvic girdle? What advantage does it have?

Answer 59

Articulates with axial skeleton at sacrum. L & R hip bones (is coxae) Ilium, ischium, and pubis. Support weight.